Case Study – Jetblue Airlines

February 20, 2013 JetBlue ventilateways Corporation Case ponder Report Situation Analysis History JetBlue Airways Corporation was scored my David Neeleman. His vision was to create an in high-priced, easy way to journey by air shroud. He was quoted saying he wants to bring worldly concern back to air travel. David Neeleman was already a veteran(a) entrepreneur. Two course of instructions after dropping out of the University of Utah he established his own business by removeing out condominiums in Hawaii. soon after he established his own travel mission and began chartering flights from Salt Lake City to the islands to bring in more prospective clients to rent his condos.In 1984 Neeleman joined burdens with June Morris, who owned a large corporate travel agency in Utah, to bring to the world a mellowed society cognise as Morris Air. (JetBlue Airways Corporation, 2011) Success followed and the teleph whizzr was bought by sou-west Airlines for $129 Million. Soon after the sale of Morris Air Neeleman pi wizardered the use of at home arriere pensee agents. By using their homes as offices the military reserve agents were saving money by lowering overhead expenses. He besides developed the send-off electronic ticketing system in the air hose manufacture. JetBlue Airways Corporation, 2011) Neeleman became the executive vice president for Southwest but realized it wasnt a correct fit. He sign a five year non repugn concord and was on his way. During his five year musical arrangement he developed the electronic ticketing system he had initiated at Morris Air into one of the worlds easiest airline reservation systems. He called it Open Skies. He whence sold this innovation to Hewlett-Packard in 1999. Finally in 1999 the noncompete stipulation had reached its expiration and Neeleman launched his own airline.He raised the needed capital with ease and JetBlue became the highest-funded bring out up airline in aviation history. JetBlue commenced oper ations in tremendous 2000. For a start up base JetBlue chose John F. Kennedy global aerodrome (JFK). (JetBlue Airways Corporation, 2011)The ships company relied on electronic reservation and ticketing to keep make up down. JetBlue was of the early airline companies to issue laptop computers instead of manuals to their pilots. One of their highest selling points deviation from price was the in-flight entertainment. The airbus A320s ere complete with 24 live satellite broadcasts (including A&E, Animal Planet, CNBC, ESPN, the Food Ne 2rk, Home & Garden, and the Weather Channel) at every freighter. This conformation of entertainment was of the starting signal among airlines. Airlines typically aired taped shows or movies. To serve up oneself keep be down the airline provided no meals but did tolerate gourmet blue potato chips and soda. The put were equipped with more thole room and were all leather with larger overhead storage com break inments. blood line grew rapidly i n JetBlues first year of operations.Reservation agents were receiving calls of up to 12,000 a day and still the company was booking 40% online. In 2001 JetBlue open a second base in California at eagle-eyed Beach Airport. JetBlue grew over the years to serve more than 52 destinations in 21 states, Puerto Rico, Columbia, Mexico and the Caribbean. In 2008 they added serves to Puerto Plata and St. Marteen. In 2009 they started serving Bogota, Columbia, San Jose, Costa Rica, Montego request and Jamaica. In 2007 JetBlue announced that they were entering into an agreement with Aer Lingus, and Irish flag carrier, to hike easy transfers for both airlines nodes.Unlike traditional code-shargon alliances, customers could non make one reservation for both airlines if need be. They would get down to make two reservations instead. Then unaccompanied 8 days later, JetBlue announced a code-share agreement with Cape Air. customers would be able to purchase seats on both airlines to a l ower place one reservation. A much better fit for convenience. JetBlues ontogeny was comme il faut harder to fund due to competitive pricing and high can prices amongst former(a) kindleing costs. On February 14, 2007 an event took place that would shake the solid, well funded company to its knees.Not only costing Neeleman his position in a company that he created, it destroyed the companies reputation for good customer relations. thither was a terrific storm headed towards the East coast and while all other airlines took the prim precautions and canceled their flights JetBlue in all their stubbornness did not. When the storm hit it was worse than judge and JetBlues customers were left stranded planes for 7 hours or more. David Neeleman when interviewed about this noble turn of events express Things spiraled out of control. We did a horrible job we got ourselves into a ituation where we were doing rolling cancellations instead of a massive cancellation. Communications broke down, we werent able to reach out to passengers and they continued to arrive at the airports it had a cascading effect. It took the organization more than a week to get the situation under control. This is where The Customer Bill of Rights came in. It basically outlined self-imposed penalties for JetBlue and major rewards for its passengers if the airline experienced operational problems and could not adjust to weather-related conditions inwardly a sensible amount of succession.In 2007 the company reported a $76 Million prejudice with a primary cerebrate being rising provide costs. JetBlue corpse profitable, posting a net in find of $128 Million for 2012. JetBlues CEO and President, Dave Barger said 2012 was a very good year. (Corporation, 2013) Mission JetBlue Airways does not turn under a traditional mission statement. Instead they use a set of core values. Those core values are as follows * safeguard * CARING * INTEGRITY * FUN * PASSION These five things are silk hat de scribed as the JetBlue experience. (John W.Kelly for KR Consulting, 2008) (JetBlue Airways Corporation, 2012) Corporate Strategy There are two new strategies that nourish been developed for JetBlue Airways a ariseth strategy and an efficiency strategy. Both strategies have been created out of k straightledgeable and out-of-door analysis. The growth strategys primary goal is to adopt improvement of recent mergers and ill fortunes within the airline industry. When companies merge it takes away some of the contest. Failures in other companies create opportunities for JetBlue to step in and create new business. (John W.Kelly for KR Consulting, 2008) (Corporation, 2013) The efficiency strategy is developed based on the organizations position within the low-cost segment of the airline industry. To reach this goal an extensive internal analysis is performed with a careful look at the take force as well as an analysis of the jet fuel prices/purchasing. (John W. Kelly for KR Consult ing, 2008) Strengths and Weaknesses of JetBlue Airways Strengths Strong brand recognition and their services are competitive. If you consider revenue enhancement passenger miles JetBlue is the sixth largest passenger carrier in the United States and is a widely recognized global brand.The company has realised several awards such(prenominal) as Top Low Cost Airline for Consumer Satisf attain cardinal years in a row and also exceed discipline Class Experience, some Customer Friendly Airline and Best Value Airline Domestic for 2011. JetBlue is also known for their spacious seat and live satellite TV. The Customer Bill of Rights is also a identify player in the companies strengths. It was created with meaning and specific compensation for customer inconvenienced by service disruptions within JetBlues control.Another service offered only by JetBlue is an expedited protective cover experience in over 30 cities and they call it Even more(prenominal) Speed. JetBlue utilizes their aircraft most efficiently to have the ability to spread its furbish up costs over a greater number of flights and available seat miles and they do this by using Airbus A320 planes for the majority of their business. (JetBlue Airways Corporation, 2012) Weaknesses JetBlue has an extreme amount of high fixed obligations. In 2011 JetBlue had a debt of $3. 14 billion and it accounted for 64% of its numerate capitalization.As the years go on and the company grows its debt will only grow as well. Eventually their high level of debt could make it difficult to grow the business further because of lack of funding. That in turn would put the company below their competitors who could find it easier to succeed necessary funding. (JetBlue Airways Corporation, 2012) Opportunities An obvious opportunity for JetBlue is expanding upon in the travel industry. This specific industry has continuously fluctuated in the historical but, it is expected to grow aggressively in the years to come.Accord ing to The Federal aura Administration (FAA), airline travel is said to double over the abutting 20 years. In 2011 about 815 billion people or seats sold is expected to increase of the next two decades to numbers about to 1. 57 trillion. That is an average growth rate of approximately 3. 2% per year. existence the sixth largest passenger carrier in the US, JetBlue is in a good position to expect a growth like that as well. JetBlue has also put effort in to making business relationships with Asia. The pace of the providence as a whole is slowing but Asian economies have remained strong domestically.Cathay Pacific is the home carrier of Hong Kong. In 2012 JetBlue announced an interline agreement with this company. This agreement will link each others vane between Asia Pacific and the Americas. JetBlue also announced a codeshare agreement with Japan Airlines to offer nonstop service to Tokyos Narita International Airport. For this reason JetBlues expanded partnerships with major Asain airlines will help further strengthen its network and expand their services. (JetBlue Airways Corporation, 2012) (Corporation, 2013) Threats The absolute biggest threat to JetBlue is the rising costs of aircraft fuel.Throughout history fuel costs have fluctuated out of the control of companies such as JetBlue. The costs vary widely and are unpredictable at best. In 2011 fuel costs represented nearly 40% of JetBlues total in operation(p) costs. Another threat is stringent governmental regulation. In the airline industry companies are subject to extensive regulatory and judicial compliance requirements that result in significant costs. It is also very expensive for the company to keep their current certificates. Lastly there will always be intense competition in this industry.As a tradition the industry is typically dominated by the giants such as United Air Lines, Delta Air Lines, American Airlines, Southwest Airlines and US Airways. Because of their size and power, some of t hese companies may be better suited for necessary funding. They may also receive more favorable fuel prices due to volume of sales. Intense competition could lead to price wars which could negatively affect the company. (JetBlue Airways Corporation, 2012) Identification of Problem(s) and Their Core Elements The first problem with JetBlue is that the company grew too big too dissipated.The organization was incompetent of sustaining this growth both financially and physically with staff, equipment and services. The second problem was/is naughtiness publicity. The airline was well known for exceptional customer service and relations but lately they are ranked among the lowest in customer satisfaction. JetBlue grew too quickly. In the 1990s there were many small start-up airlines. Most failed when faced with competition from the major airlines because they were not able to withstand the net profit wars. The smaller companies were also at a disadvantage when it came to start up capit al and management talent.Because of David Neelemans talent and charisma he was able to acquire an abundance of start up capital which carried the airline through the toughest part of a business, the beginning. Once JetBlue took off the company had a difficult time keeping up with its popularity and growth. Technology for one was lacking and it all caught up with the company on Valentines Day in 2007. The company made a some bad decisions and it escalated quickly and their reservation system could not enshroud the capacity of the situation. Their engine room also failed them when trying to remedy the problem.They were not watchful or ready for something of this magnitude. (Damaraju, 2009) With the growth divergence from the companys schoolmaster plan was starting to take place. They started off operation only one type of aircraft, an Airbus A320. The strategy behind this was to lower training cost and provides a very knowledgeable staff with flexibility in manpower. The airline then included a second type of plane, the Embraer 190 which the staff was not prepared for. Furthermore the company was embarking on even more paths where it did not have the needed experience. (Damaraju, 2009) JetBlue started as an airline for the new-fangled York leisure traveler.The equal with their expansion is that they dont have the route structure to compete with the majors for the business class travelers. (Farzad & Bachman, 2012) The second problem is bad publicity. The first unfortunate event was the Valentines Day ice storm that left passengers stranded and the company without the proper tools to fix the problem in a apropos manner. Customers were outraged as they should have been. The second very public mischance came in August 2010 when a frustrated flight attendant exited the plane using the emergency slide after becoming irate with passengers.And tolerate but certainly not least, when one of their pilots had to be subdued by passengers and forcibly removed from t he plane in March of 2012. (Farzad & Bachman, 2012) Because of these unfortunate events JetBlue now ranks last among 15 airlines in on-time performance and ninth in customer complaints to the Department of Transportation. (Farzad & Bachman, 2012) Those numbers are three times Southwests complaint ratio. Having started out as an airline that wanted to bring humanity back to air travel they seem to be coming up short in the customer service area.That was their biggest client attraction. Evaluation of alternating(a) Courses of Action The problem of growing too big too fast can easily be evaluated as a hind sight. The company had great aspirations and fell short only by default. Had the company foreseen the events that were to come with the harm in their choice of technology or the mental partition of their staff, Im sure they would have done things differently. The costs of their technical errors were somewhere close to $30 million. The costs they endured over their lack of customer satisfaction are immeasurable.For these problems, the alternatives courses of action could only be to revamp their technology and better train staff and let them know the real pressures of their positions. JetBlue already has a comprehensive training program for their employees known as JetBlue University. (JetBlue Airways Corporation, 2012) Recommended Solutions Recommended solutions for JetBlues growth from this point moving forward would be first, to monitor and state a functional operation-revenue to operating-expense ratio. As with any successful business the operating revenue must be greater than the operating expenses.This ratio will determine the future of JetBlue. (John W. Kelly for KR Consulting, 2008) Internally JetBlue should consider how to reduce expenses. The two key players in this particular situation are labor and fuel expenses. Although JetBlue has remained un-unionized, which is imperative in keeping labor costs down there may be more room for improvement in th e work out regarding this matter. I suggest a closer look at counseling and Airport Operations. These two positions are the furthest from the consumer and have the most employees.The reason behind choosing these particular positions is that change in these areas will not at one time affect customer service. These positions need to be examined and see where, if any, the process inefficiencies lie. By doing this the company may be able to cut a few unnecessary positions. Recommendations for best efforts for capping fuel costs are an evaluation of the fuel purchasing agents performance. (John W. Kelly for KR Consulting, 2008) The second recommendation is to take a more aggressive approach like Southwest has and radiation diagram more hedging.Recommended solutions for JetBlues failure to provide exceptional customer service would be first to continue to practice and put to use The Customer Bill of Rights and to take a few leads from their competitors. Other airlines do not charge the ir customers for a pillow and blanket set. At all costs they should continue with the perks they provide their customers. They may not serve meals but the snacks and sodas are always free. A big selling point for consumers is baggage fees. JetBlue allows their passengers to have two free bags per flight.That is one more than Southwest. The fact that JetBlue is low cost airline the consumers expect less, i. e. meals and things of the such, so their state of the art entertainment is a welcome surprise for passengers. Implementation Plan To take action on the operation revenue to expense ratio is to start directly reviewing the labor functions and initiate an additional review every two years. Starting immediately with employee performance reviews, having properly trained employees is a must. Success or failure in this area will be measured in dollars saved.Immediate action considering fuel costs are to hire a congressional lobbyist to help neutralize the market by opening up national strategical reserves as well as encouraging increased domestic petroleum exploration and jet fuel production. Success or failure in this area will also be measured in dollars saved. Works Cited Corporation, J. A. (2013). JetBlue Reports Record Fourth Quarter and Full Year Revenues. New York PR Newswire. Damaraju, N. L. (2009). JetBlue Airlines Will it Remain Blue? In McGraw-Timmons, Capstone passenger vehicle 250s (pp. 13-220). Dallas University of Texas. Farzad, R. , & Bachman, J. (2012). Once High-Flying, JetBlue Returns to Earth. Bloomberg Businessweek , 27-29. JetBlue Airways Corporation. (2012). Company Profile JetBlue Airways Corporation. marketline. com. JetBlue Airways Corporation. (2011). Reference for Business. New York referenceforbusiness. com. John W. Kelly for KR Consulting, L. (2008). Shaping Tomorrows Solutions for JetBlue Airways- A Strategic Analysis. San Fernando Valley University of La Verne.

Discuss ‘Apollo 13’ a space drama, Directed and produced by Ron Howard

Apollo 13 a takeice drama, Directed and produced by Ron Howard and was make in 1995. It was made to look as existent as possible without it being a documentary no reliable footage from the launch was hired, a ramify from a few embedded images corresponding in the news on TV. Howard used many distinct techniques to acquire realism editing, camera angles, special effects and historic words phases and speeches, tho before he even bring forthed put downing he had a groovy idea of the astronauts backgrounds, the flight plan and the exact events that happened on the mission.He played out a long time with the astronaut Jim Lovel researching the events. Very near the start of the film there is a scene with Gene drinking tea and smoking, this is realistic because it shows a regular man with normal qualities, the stress of the profession is hastenting to him and the tension comes through to the audience. You can tell Howard is trying to prevail his characters real normal. Foll owing this is the control room scene where Howard shows antithetical members of the faction and goes through them in turn giving close ups of them.Using a close up shot of the crew members brings forward the fact that they argon working hard and again the tension of the launch comes across very strong. The launch was a very realistic part of the film and Howard throw a muss of work into it. With the combination of special effects and different camera angles, the snort and the surrounding look incredibly real. He starts off with a low angle shot of the shuttle and pans all the focus to the top the special effects come in when it ignites, and the flames from the bottom of the shuttle.As the shuttle starts to shake, the camera moves to a crane shot right on the tip of the shuttle and as the rocket breaks away from the supports the camera spirals w ar the shuttle just missing the broken parts, this seems very realistic and the giddiness of the spiraling could be recreating what the astronauts are feeling. Throughout the film there is a focus on heroism and patriotism, this is shown at the launch where there is a long shot of about 80 people sitting on a small stadium.There is a highflying American personal identification number above them and the music of dead American military heroes playing. For a big money of American people watching that were around at the time of the original launch, this could be like it was all happening again. The camera then switches to a close-up of the two wives, and their different feelings, one is crying for joy and the other is looking at up at the shuttle in amazement. This scene seems very realistic as you could imagine this happening at the real launch, it gives us different points of view from the two different individuals.When the oxygen tank explodes 56 hours afterward takeoff Howard must use special effects to recreate the explosion, as he cannot film from in space outside of a shuttle, and would expect been incr edibly difficult to recreate it exploitation the KC135. In this scene and during the film Howard tries to keep it as realistic as possible by using exact phrases from within the film Houston, we have a problem is a very famous one, and by recreating the astronauts exact moves and plans from the original mission. Howard doesnt always use real-time like in the final scene on the countdown to when the shuttle should renter the atmosphere.There is a 4-minute countdown and the first 4 minutes are actually 2, still the last minute is in real-time. I speak up this is a hot idea as at this moment the clime of the film, the audience are waiting for whats going to happen, there is a lot of tension, and leaving this tension for a whole 4 minutes, it would slowly style away and the audience would lose interest. One technique used was weightlessness, in many of the scenes Howard needed to have the feel of weightlessness and he was lucky that NASA let him use their aeroplane KC135.This is a normal plane but not like a passenger aircraft, it has no seats and the insides are built to look like that of a shuttle. This plane was taken to bulky altitudes and dropped to give the feeling of weightlessness real astronauts used this in their training. Howard had to get 3 men and a camera crew onto the plane, and film good quality realistic scenes. I feel that this is a major part in the making of he film and the film couldnt be made well without it.

The Merger of Ranbaxy and Daiichi

A REPORT ON Ranbaxy-Daiichi Deal 1/26/2012 Ranbaxy-Daiichi Deal Introduction Daiichi Sankyo bought Ranbaxy for $4. 6 one million million in June 2008. This report studies the implications of the merger between Ranbaxy and Daiichi Sankyo, from an intellect property as well as a trade point of view. There are many critical events happening in international pharma market including the growing preference for generics, increasing dominance of emerging markets such as India, fast approaching patent expiry etc. Also, this accord involves 2 major players who are the largest among their respective markets.Background Daiichi Sankyo Co. Ltd. askd 34. 8% of Ranbaxy Laboratories Ltd. from its promoters and increased its interest group through preferential allotment, public offer and preferential issue of warrants to acquire a majority in Ranbaxy, i. e. at least 50. 1%. aft(prenominal) the acquisition, Ranbaxy operates as Daiichi Sankyos subsidiary but supposed to manage separately under the tether of its current CEO & Managing Director Malvinder Singh. Mr. Singh left the association in 2009 with a 4. 5 billion rupees severance package. WhyDaiichi Sankyo precious to acquire a drug maker that specialized in generics afterward Japan eased its laws allowing sales of these cheaper versions of expensive drugs. The deal was a trendsetter in Indian market for future M&A deals. Indias family-owned companies realized that it was not shameful to sell and profit from their businesses. Benefits Expected Operational The main wellbeing for Daiichi Sankyo from the merger was Ranbaxys low-cost manufacturing infrastructure and run chain strengths. Ranbaxy gained entry to Daiichi Sankyos research and development expertise to advance its mark drugs business. working out Daiichi Sankyos strength in proprietary medicine complements Ranbaxys leadership in the generics segment and both companies acquire a broader product base, remedy focus areas and well distributed risks. Ranbax y gains smoother access to and a strong ground in the Japanese drug market. Financial The immediate benefit for Ranbaxy was that the deal freed up its debt. Also, Ranbaxys addition elevated Daiichi Sankyos position from 22 to 15 by market capitalization in the global pharmaceutic market. Synergies . A complementary business combination that provides sustainable growth by diversification that spans the full spectrum of the pharmaceutica l business. 2. An expanded global reach that enables leading market positions in both mature and emerging markets with proprietary and non-proprietary products. 3. gruelling growth potential by effectively managing opportunities across the full pharmaceutical life-cycle. 4. Cost competitiveness by optimizing usage of R and manufacturing facilities of both companies, in particular in India. 5.Respective presence of Daiichi Sankyo and Ranbaxy in the developed and emerging markets 6. Ranbaxys strengths in the 21 emerging generic drug markets allow D aiichi Sankyo to court the potential of the generics business. 7. Ranbaxys branded drug development initiatives for the developed markets importantly boosted through this relationship. 8. Daiichi Sankyo able to invalidate its reliance on only branded drugs and margin risks in mature markets and benefit from Ranbaxys strengths in generics to wrap generic versions of patent expired drugs, particularly in the Japanese market. Post-acquisition objectives Daiichi Sankyos focus was to develop new drugs to fill the gaps and take advantage of Ranbaxys strong areas ? To overcome its current challenges in cost structure and supply chain ? To establish a management framework that would expedite synergies ? To reduce its exposure to branded drugs in a way that it can overlay the impact of margin pressures on the business, especially in Japan ? In a global pharmaceutical industry making a slant towards generics and emerging market opportunities, Daiichi Sankyos acquisition of Ranbaxy signal led a move on the lines of its global counterparts Novartis and local competitors Astellas Pharma.Post acquisition challenges Post acquisition challenges include managing the different working and business cultures of the two organizations, undertaking minimal and infixed integration and retaining the management independence of Ranbaxy without hampering synergies. Ranbaxy and Daiichi Sankyo in any case needed to consolidate their intellectual capital and acquire an edge over their foreign counterparts. What went wrong? A lack of proper due diligence In its eagerness to implore the expertise of a generic drug maker, Daiichi took the risk of buying Ranbaxy for cabbage dollar.Three weeks later, the US Food and Drug Administration banned imports of 30 of Ranbaxys generic drugs, and later determined that the company was selling adulterated or misbranded medicine. It blacklisted two of the companys manufacturing units, limiting the companys ability to sell drugs do in those facilitie s. Ranbaxy then reported currency-exchange losses of nine billion rupees in 2008. This made Ranbaxy post losses in the same year. Ranbaxy Laboratories property Flow - in Rs. Cr. Dec 10 Dec 09 Dec 08 Dec 07 Dec 06 12 mths 12 mths 12 mths 12 mths 12 mths exculpate Profit Before measure Net Cash From Operating Activities Net Cash (used in)/from Investing Activities Net Cash (used in)/from Financing Activities Net (decrease)/increase In Cash and Cash Equivalents Opening Cash & Cash Equivalents Closing Cash & Cash Equivalents 1565. 25 1168. 89 -2067. 8 991. 48 92. 57 69. 26 161. 83 1061. 92 -1619. 08 -665. 43 -599. 22 86. 12 -462. 91 -214. 14 2817. 2 -793. 46 1755. 07 862. 39 172. 14 68. 93 1927. 21 774. 41 442. 98 685. 77 315. 49 -708. 18 -2103. 74 132. 19 1739. 65 109. 78 -48. 6 62. 36 110. 96 172. 14 62. 36What worked? Mr. Singh timed the sale of his family argent perfectly he got a huge premium for the stake out front U. S. regulatory concerns came to light. Daiichi, after the i nitial stumbles, seems to now be heading in the right direction and in the past year has integrated Ranbaxys R&D unit in an effort to gain synergies. Daiichi also launched a generic version of Pfizer Inc. s cholesterol drug, Lipitor in US recently. The verdict Fail This is a classic example of an acquirer pay top price without looking too closely at the prize of the goods.Daiichi continues to pay for the huge risk it took in the deal. U. S. regulatory problems have slowed buck the integration of Daiichi and Ranbaxy a lot more than expected. We can see that Daiichi is having alike level of operating expenses and just to achieve anything special from Ranbaxy. US FDA utter that, Ranbaxy had numerous problems at its facilities in US and India. The US DOJ has also filed the consent decree against Ranbaxy in the US district court of atomic number 101 on 26th January 2012, which would further put pressure on the margins. Daiichi is yet to realize anything concrete from this deal.

Symbols in Ethan Frome

Sex, lies and deceit. These three things argon what this novel is about. besides it is so much more than that. In the book Ethan Frome, written by Edith Wharton, the author uses symbolism to represent many things much(prenominal) as death. Symbols such as Zeenas rose-cheeked pickle provide, the cold season of winter, and the late(prenominal) cuke vine any represent important parts that make up this novel. Zeenas red pickle viewer is a dish Zeena treasures most. She genuine the pickle dish as a wedding present and only if uses the dish on special occasions. Mattie uses the pickle dish the night her and Ethan are al i, while Zeena is out of town.The cat accidently breaks the dish during the dinner. And gathering up the bits of grim glass she went out of the room as if she carried a dead bole (Wharton 66). At this point, Zeena was re all toldy mad when she found out herself that the dish was miserable and no one told her. This gave her another reason to hate Ethan and Matti e even more. The dish breaking symbolizes the marriage between Ethan and Zeena was now broken. Ethan Frome takes place in Starkfield, mommy during the cold winter months. Winter controls over the tragedy in all its signs of snow, wind, cold and darkness.Winter is the worst season for Ethan. In the beginning, Harmon Gow had said, Guess hes been in Starkfield too many winters. Most of the smart ones come in away (Wharton 2). Ethan studied science and technology after high school, just now after his father died and his mother became sick, he was forced to come approve to his hometown of Starkfield. Responsibility for his mother and poverty has prevented him from leaving. Sadly, Ethans mother died in the winter. afterwards his mothers death, Ethan married Zeena because he was so lonely all the time.Winter is symbolizes isolation and loneliness. Last but not least, the dead cucumber vine vine. A dead cucumber vine dangled from the porch like the crape streamer fasten to the door fo r a death, and the thought flashed through Ethans brain If it was in that respect for Zeena- (Wharton 26). Ethan wished Zeena was dead. If Zeena was not alive, Ethan could be with Mattie and they both would be happy together. They wouldnt submit to hide their love for each other. The dead cucumber vine symbolizes death and withal symbolizes dying souls that live in the Fromes house.In this case is Zeena, who is the lento dying soul living in the house because of her illness. Zeenas red pickle dish, winter, and the dead cucumber vine are all important symbols in this novel. Understanding these symbols make this novel more interesting now that one knows what some objects symbolizes. Such as Zeenas pickle dish, the broken dish is a symbol for the shattering of Ethan and Zeenas marriage. The winter represents loneliness. The dead cucumber represents death. These three things best represent the story of Ethan Frome.

Angels Demons Chapter 46-48

46The Secret Vatican Archives ar situated at the outlying(prenominal) end of the Borgia Courtyard directly up a pitcher from the Gate of Santa Ana. They contain over 20,000 volumes and argon testsayed to h emeritus such treasures as Leonardo da Vincis missing diaries and even unpublished books of the Holy Bible.Langdon strode powerfully up the deserted Via della Fondamenta toward the narrative, his mind barely able to accept that he was most to be granted access. Vittoria was at his side of meat, keeping pace effortlessly. Her almond-scented tomentum cerebri tossed lightly in the breeze, and Langdon breathed it in. He matte up his thoughts straying and reeled himself prat.Vittoria said, You dismission to tell me what were come alonging for?A little book written by a guy named Galileo.She sounded surprised. You dont mess well-nigh. Whats in it?It is sup comprise to contain something c onlyed il segno.The sign?Sign, clue, signal depends on your translation.Sign to what?La ngdon picked up the pace. A abstruse office. Galileos Illuminati necessary to comfort themselves from the Vatican, so they founded an ultra privy Illuminati germinate together place here in Rome. They called it The church building service of Illumination.Pretty bold commerce a sit downanic hidea authority a church.Langdon shook his head. Galileos Illuminati were non the least bit satanic. They were scientists who revered enlightenment. Their meeting place was simply where they could safely congregate and discuss topics forbidden by the Vatican. Although we know the secret lair existed, to this day nobody has ever located it.Sounds ilk the Illuminati know how to keep a secret.Absolutely. In fact, they neer revealed the location of their hideaway to any(prenominal) unmatchable outside the unification. This secrecy protected them, simply it also posed a problem when it came to recruiting brand- revolutionary members.They couldnt grow if they couldnt advertise, Vittori a said, her legs and mind keeping spotless pace.Exactly. Word of Galileos wedlock started to spread in the 1630s, and scientists from well-nigh the world ferment secret pilgrimages to Rome hoping to join the Illuminati eager for a chance to present by means of Galileos telescope and hear the masters ideas. Unfortunately, though, because of the Illuminatis secrecy, scientists arriving in Rome never knew where to go for the meetings or to whom they could safely speak. The Illuminati wanted new blood, plainly they could not hand to risk their secrecy by making their whereabouts known.Vittoria frowned. Sounds give care a situazi ane senza soluzi wiz.Exactly. A catch-22, as we would say.So what did they do?They were scientists. They examined the problem and found a solution. A brilliant one, in justice. The Illuminati created a kind of ingenious map directing scientists to their sanctuary.Vittoria meeted all of a sudden skeptical and slowed. A map? Sounds careless. If a copy fell into the malign handIt couldnt, Langdon said. No copies existed anywhere. It was not the kind of map that fit on paper. It was enormous. A blazed confidential information of sorts across the city.Vittoria slowed even further. Arrows painted on sidewalks?In a sense, yes, except very much to a greater extent subtle. The map consisted of a series of carefully concealed symbolic markers placed in popular locations around the city. One marker led to the attached and the next a trail eventually leading to the Illuminati lair.Vittoria eyed him askance. Sounds like a treasure hunt.Langdon chuckled. In a manner of speaking, it is. The Illuminati called their string of markers The means of Illumination, and anyone who wanted to join the brotherhood had to cost it all the way to the end. A kind of test. hardly if the Vatican wanted to find the Illuminati, Vittoria argued, couldnt they simply follow the markers?No. The path was hidden. A puzzle, constructed in such a way that co mpletely certain hoi polloi would pick up the ability to track the markers and figure out where the Illuminati church was hidden. The Illuminati intended it as a kind of initiation, functioning not only as a security measure unless also as a binding go to ensure that only the brightest scientists arrived at their door.I dont buy it. In the 1600s the clergy were some of the most educated men in the world. If these markers were in worldly concern locations, certainly there existed members of the Vatican who could afford figured it out.Sure, Langdon said, if they had known about the markers. But they didnt. And they never noticed them because the Illuminati designed them in such a way that clerics would never suspect what they were. They employ a method known in symbology as dissimulation.Camouflage.Langdon was impressed. You know the term.Dissimulacione, she said. Natures crush defense. Try spotting a exclaim fish floating vertically in seagrass.Okay, Langdon said. The Illum inati apply the same concept. They created markers that melt into the backdrop of ancient Rome. They couldnt use am giantrams or scientific symbology because it would be far too conspicuous, so they called on an Illuminati artist the same anonymous vaticination who had created their ambigrammatic symbol Illuminati and they commissioned him to carve quadruplet sculptures.Illuminati sculptures?Yes, sculptures with two strict guidelines. First, the sculptures had to look like the rest of the graphics in Rome artwork that the Vatican would never suspect belonged to the Illuminati.Religious art.Langdon n unmatcheded, feeling a tinge of excitement, talking hurrying now. And the second guideline was that the quadruplet sculptures had to perplex very specific themes. severally humanity needed to be a subtle tribute to one of the four elements of experience.Four elements? Vittoria said. There are over a hundred. non in the 1600s, Langdon reminded her. Early alchemists believed th e entire universe was made up of only four substances Earth, Air, Fire, and pissing.The early cross, Langdon knew, was the most common symbol of the four elements four arms representing Earth, Air, Fire, and Water. Beyond that, though, there existed literally dozens of symbolic occurrences of Earth, Air, Fire, and Water throughout history the Pythagorean cycles of feeling, the Chinese Hong-Fan, the Jungian male and effeminate rudiments, the quadrants of the Zodiac, even the Muslims revered the four ancient elements although in Islam they were known as squares, clouds, lightning, and waves. For Langdon, though, it was a more modern usage that always gave him chills the Masons four mystical grades of Absolute Initiation Earth, Air, Fire, and Water.Vittoria convergemed mystified. So this Illuminati artist created four pieces of art that looked spectral, but were actually tributes to Earth, Air, Fire, and Water?Exactly, Langdon said, quickly turning up Via Sentinel toward the a rchives. The pieces commix into the sea of religious artwork all over Rome. By donating the artwork anonymously to specific churches and so using their political specify, the brotherhood facilitated organization of these four pieces in carefully chosen churches in Rome. Each piece of course was a marker subtly exciteing to the next church where the next marker awaited. It functioned as a trail of clues disguised as religious art. If an Illuminati candidate could find the first church and the marker for Earth, he could follow it to Air and then to Fire and then to Water and finally to the Church of Illumination.Vittoria was looking less and less clear. And this has something to do with catching the Illuminati assassin?Langdon smiled as he played his ace. Oh, yes. The Illuminati called these four churches by a very special name. The Altars of Science.Vittoria frowned. Im sorry, that means noth She stopped short. Laltare di scienza? she exclaimed. The Illuminati assassin. He wa rned that the carmines would be virgin sacrifices on the altars of scienceLangdon gave her a smile. Four cardinals. Four churches. The four altars of science.She looked stunned. Youre saying the four churches where the cardinals go out be sacrificed are the same four churches that mark the ancient Path of Illumination?I believe so, yes.But why would the killer have given us that clue?Why not? Langdon replied. Very few historians know about these sculptures. Even fewer believe they exist. And their locations have remained secret for four hundred grades. No doubt the Illuminati trusted the secret for other five hours. Besides, the Illuminati dont need their Path of Illumination anymore. Their secret lair is in all likelihood long gone anyway. They detain in the modern world. They meet in bank boardrooms, eating clubs, private golf courses. Towickedness they want to make their secrets public. This is their moment. Their grand unveiling.Langdon feared the Illuminati unveiling woul d have a special symmetry to it that he had not yet mentioned. The four brands. The killer had sworn each cardinal would be branded with a different symbol. Proof the ancient legends are true, the killer had said. The legend of the four ambigrammatic brands was as old as the Illuminati itself earth, air, fire, pissing four terms crafted in perfect symmetry. Just like the raillery Illuminati. Each cardinal was to be branded with one of the ancient elements of science. The rumor that the four brands were in English rather than Italian remained a point of debate among historians. English seemed a random deviation from their natural expression and the Illuminati did nothing randomly.Langdon turned up the brick pathway before the archive building. forbidding images thrashed in his mind. The overall Illuminati plot was starting to reveal its patient grandeur. The brotherhood had vowed to stay silent as long as it took, amassing enough influence and power that they could resurface wi thout fear, make their stand, fight their cause in big daylight. The Illuminati were no longer about hiding. They were about flaunting their power, confirming the conspiratorial myths as fact. Tonight was a global publicity stunt.Vittoria said, Here comes our escort. Langdon looked up to see a Swiss Guard hurrying across an adjacent lawn toward the prior door.When the safe-conduct saw them, he stopped in his tracks. He stared at them, as though he thought he was hallucinating. Without a word he turned away and pulled out his walkie-talkie. Apparently incredulous at what he was being asked to do, the guard spoke urgently to the person on the other end. The angry bark coming back was indecipherable to Langdon, but its message was clear. The guard slumped, put away the walkie-talkie, and turned to them with a look of discontent.Not a word was spoken as the guard command them into the building. They passed through four steel doors, two passkey entries, set down a long stairwell, an d into a foyer with two combination keypads. Passing through a high-tech series of electronic gates, they arrived at the end of a long hallway outside a set of wide oak tree double doors. The guard stopped, looked them over again and, mumbling under his breath, walked to a metal box on the wall. He unlocked it, reached inside, and pressed a code. The doors before them buzzed, and the deadbolt fell open.The guard turned, speaking to them for the first sentence. The archives are beyond that door. I have been instructed to escort you this far and give up for briefing on another matter.Youre leaving? Vittoria demanded.Swiss Guards are not cleared for access to the Secret Archives. You are here only because my commandant received a direct order from the camerlegno.But how do we get out?Monodirectional security. You pass on have no difficulties. That being the entirety of the conversation, the guard spun on his heel and marched off down the hall.Vittoria made some comment, but Langdon did not hear. His mind was fixed on the double doors before him, enquire what mysteries lay beyond.47Although he knew time was short, Camerlegno Carlo Ventresca walked slowly. He needed the time alone to gather his thoughts before facing opening prayer. So much was happening. As he moved in dim solitude down the Northern Wing, the challenge of the past fifteen days weighed heavy in his bones.He had followed his holy duties to the letter. As was Vatican tradition, following the Popes death the camerlegno had personally corroborate expiration by placing his fingers on the Popes carotid artery, listening for breath, and then calling the Popes name three times. By law there was no autopsy. and then he had sealed the Popes bedroom, destroyed the papal fishermans ring, shattered the die used to make lead seals, and ordered for the funeral. That done, he began preparations for the cabal.Conclave, he thought. The final hurdle. It was one of the oldest traditions in Christendom. Nowadays , because the outcome of conclave was usually known before it began, the process was criticized as ob mendte more of a burlesque than an election. The camerlegno knew, however, this was only a lack of understanding. Conclave was not an election. It was an ancient, mystic transference of power. The tradition was immortal the secrecy, the folded slips of paper, the burning of the ballots, the mixing of ancient chemicals, the smoke signals.As the camerlegno approached through the Loggias of Gregory XIII, he wondered if Cardinal Mortati was in a panic yet. Certainly Mortati had noticed the preferiti were missing. Without them, the right to vote would go on all night. Mortatis appointment as the Great Elector, the camerlegno sure himself, was a good one. The man was a free judgeer and could speak his mind. The conclave would need a leader tonight more than ever.As the camerlegno arrived at the top of the violet Staircase, he felt as though he were standing on the precipice of his li fe. Even from up here he could hear the rumble of activity in the Sistine Chapel below the uneasy gabble of 165 cardinals.One hundred sixty-one cardinals, he corrected.For an instant the camerlegno was falling, plummeting toward hell, people screaming, flames engulfing him, stones and blood precipitate from the cast aside.And then belt up.When the sister awoke, he was in enlightenment. Everything around him was white. The light was blinding and pure. Although some would say a ten year old could not possibly understand heaven, the young Carlo Ventresca understood heaven very well. He was in heaven right now. Where else would he be? Even in his short decade on earth Carlo had felt the majesty of God the thundering pipe organs, the towering domes, the voices raised in song, the stained glass, shimmering bronze and gold. Carlos nonplus, Maria, brought him to Mass every day. The church was Carlos home.Why do we come to Mass every single day? Carlo asked, not that he minded at all .Because I engagementd God I would, she replied. And a promise to God is the most important promise of all. Never break a promise to God.Carlo promised her he would never break a promise to God. He loved his mother more than anything in the world. She was his holy angel. Sometimes he called her Maria benedetta the Blessed Mary although she did not like that at all. He knelt with her as she prayed, smelling the sweet scent of her flesh and listening to the mutter of her voice as she counted the rosary. Hail Mary, Mother of God pray for us sinners now and at the hour of our death.Where is my acquire? Carlo asked, already knowing his father had died before he was born.God is your father, now, she would always reply. You are a child of the church.Carlo loved that.Whenever you feel frightened, she said, remember that God is your father now. He will regard as over you and protect you forever. God has big plans for you, Carlo. The boy knew she was right. He could already feel God in his blood.BloodBlood raining from the skySilence. whence heaven.His heaven, Carlo learned as the blinding lights were turned off, was actually the Intensive Care Unit in Santa Clara Hospital outside of Palermo. Carlo had been the sole survivor of a terrorist bombing that had collapsed a chapel where he and his mother had been attending Mass while on vacation. Thirty-seven people had died, including Carlos mother. The written document called Carlos survival The Miracle of St. Francis. Carlo had, for some unknown reason, only moments before the blast, left his mothers side and ventured into a protected alcove to ponder a tapestry picture the story of St. Francis.God called me there, he decided. He wanted to save me.Carlo was huffy with pain. He could still see his mother, kneeling at the pew, blowing him a kiss, and then with a concussive roar, her sweet-smelling flesh was torn apart. He could still degustation mans evil. Blood showered down. His mothers blood The blessed MariaGod will watch over you and protect you forever, his mother had told him.But where was God nowThen, like a worldly manifestation of his mothers truth, a clergyman had come to the hospital. He was not any clergyman. He was a bishop. He prayed over Carlo. The Miracle of St. Francis. When Carlo recovered, the bishop arranged for him to racy in a small monastery attached to the cathedral over which the bishop presided. Carlo lived and tutored with the monks. He even became an altar boy for his new protector. The bishop suggested Carlo enter public school, but Carlo refused. He could not have been more happy with his new home. He now truly lived in the house of God.Every night Carlo prayed for his mother.God saved me for a reason, he thought. What is the reason?When Carlo turned sixteen, he was obliged by Italian law to serve two historic period of reserve military genteelness. The bishop told Carlo that if he entered seminary he would be exempt from this duty. Carlo told the priest tha t he planned to enter seminary but that first he needed to understand evil.The bishop did not understand.Carlo told him that if he was going to spend his life in the church fighting evil, first he had to understand it. He could not think of any better place to understand evil than in the army. The army used guns and bombs. A bomb killed my Blessed motherThe bishop tested to dissuade him, but Carlos mind was made up.Be careful, my son, the bishop had said. And remember the church awaits you when you return.Carlos two years of military service had been dreadful. Carlos youth had been one of hush and reflection. But in the army there was no quiet for reflection. interminable noise. Huge machines everywhere. Not a moment of peace. Although the soldiers went to Mass once a week at the barracks, Carlo did not sense Gods presence in any of his fellow soldiers. Their minds were too filled with chaos to see God.Carlo hated his new life and wanted to go home. But he was determined to start it out. He had yet to understand evil. He refused to fire a gun, so the military taught him how to fly a medical helicopter. Carlo hated the noise and the smell, but at least it let him fly up in the sky and be closer to his mother in heaven. When he was informed his pilots training included learning how to parachute, Carlo was terrified. Still, he had no choice.God will protect me, he told himself.Carlos first parachute jump was the most exhilarating strong-arm experience of his life. It was like flying with God. Carlo could not get enough the silence the floating seeing his mothers face in the billowing white clouds as he soared to earth. God has plans for you, Carlo. When he returned from the military, Carlo entered the seminary.That had been twenty-three years ago.Now, as Camerlegno Carlo Ventresca descended the Royal Staircase, he tried to comprehend the chain of events that had delivered him to this extraordinary crossroads.Abandon all fear, he told himself, and give this nig ht over to God.He could see the wide bronze door of the Sistine Chapel now, dutifully protected by four Swiss Guards. The guards unbolted the door and pulled it open. Inside, every head turned. The camerlegno gazed out at the black robes and red sashes before him. He understood what Gods plans for him were. The fate of the church had been placed in his hands.The camerlegno crossed himself and stepped over the threshold.48BBC journalist Gunther Glick sat sweating in the BBC network van parked on the eastern edge of St. Peters Square and cursed his assignment editor. Although Glicks first monthly follow had come back filled with superlatives resourceful, sharp, dependable here he was in Vatican City on Pope-Watch. He reminded himself that reporting for the BBC carried a hell of a lot more credibility than fabricating fodder for the British Tattler, but still, this was not his idea of reporting.Glicks assignment was simple. Insultingly simple. He was to sit here delay for a bunch of old farts to elect their next chief old fart, then he was to step outside and record a fifteen-second live spot with the Vatican as a backdrop.Brilliant.Glick couldnt believe the BBC still sent reporters into the discipline to cover this schlock. You dont see the American networks here tonight. Hell no That was because the big boys did it right. They watched CNN, synopsized it, and then filmed their live report in front of a blue screen, superimposing stock video for a realistic backdrop. MSNBC even used in-studio wind and rain machines to give that on-the-scene authenticity. Viewers didnt want truth anymore they wanted entertainment.Glick gazed out through the windshield and felt more and more depressed by the minute. The imperial mountain of Vatican City rose wine before him as a dismal reminder of what men could bring through when they put their minds to it.What have I accomplished in my life? he wondered aloud. Nothing.So give up, a womans voice said from behind him.Glick jumped. He had almost forgotten he was not alone. He turned to the back seat, where his camerawoman, Chinita Macri, sat silently polishing her glasses. She was always polishing her glasses. Chinita was black, although she preferred African American, a little heavy, and smart as hell. She wouldnt let you forget it either. She was an odd bird, but Glick liked her. And Glick could sure as hell use the company.Whats the problem, Gunth? Chinita asked.What are we doing here?She kept polishing. Witnessing an exciting event.Old men locked in the fateful is exciting?You do know youre going to hell, dont you?Already there.Talk to me. She sounded like his mother.I just feel like I want to leave alone my mark.You wrote for the British Tattler.Yeah, but nothing with any resonance.Oh, come on, I hear you did a groundbreaking article on the queens secret sex life with aliens.Thanks.Hey, things are looking up. Tonight you make your first fifteen seconds of TV history.Glick groaned. He could hear the news anchor already. Thanks Gunther, great report. Then the anchor would roll his eyes and move on to the weather. I should have tried for an anchor spot.Macri laughed. With no experience? And that beard? Forget it.Glick ran his hands through the reddish gob of hair on his chin. I think it makes me look clever.The vans cell phone rang, mercifully interrupting yet another one of Glicks failures. Maybe thats editorial, he said, suddenly hopeful. You think they want a live update?On this story? Macri laughed. You keep dreaming.Glick answered the phone in his best anchorman voice. Gunther Glick, BBC, Live in Vatican City.The man on the line had a thick Arabic accent. Listen carefully, he said. I am about to change your life.

Emphasise the tragedy in Death of a Salesman Essay

A symbol is defined as an target or action that represents an idea, function or process, essentially anything which stands for something else. When viewed in notification to the Aristotelian model of tragedy in Poetics, milling machines naughty put on of symbolism in Death of a Salesman contradicts a make out premise within Aristotles tragedian theory, labelling the sad zeps hamartia as the cause for their downfall. moth miller uses symbols to explore the compositions of success, freedom and failure, as salubrious as to help shape our view of his characters.Throughout the routine milling machine emphasises the strength of these symbols through the elbow room they affect the Loman family and in particular Willy, whose coercion with the the Statesn Dream and all that it encompasses brings him to his tragical obliterate. We whitethorn consider Willy to posses the tragic flaw of hubris, which will only assist the inter diarrhoea of the material and figurative symbols m oth miller compels to entrap Willy within his beliefs, leaving him unable to escape. Inherent throughout the play is Millers heavy use of symbols to convey meanings such as hope, struggle and self-worth.Significantly, symbolism assists the tragic imagery as a life-or-death element of Millers stagecraft. Miller elaborately constructs the perfect conditions for Willys downfall in several key ways including his use of music, the motif of dreams and symbolic props. His first method is the recurring element of music use through his stage directions. The melancholy mental strain heard, played upon the flute head start from Act 1 resonates with the atmosphere and is Millers structuralism proficiency of oscillating to and from Willys smoothenion of the by.The natural element of this symbol alludes to his brings influence as a flute-maker, and its use during Willys self-examination could suggest an alternate, more than successful life pursuing in guile instead of being a salesman u nder the impression of becoming well-liked. It acts as the transition between imagination and factuality, place the scene as we meet the bold symbol of Willys unfortunate circumstance.Furthermore, the flute symbolises Willys light connection with the natural world, clearly illustrated by the stage directions as he enters Scene 1 The flute plays on. He hears but is not awake(predicate) of it By not being aware, one whitethorn consider this melody to be a calling which Willy crusades to mentally suppress. Additionally, Miller introduces his tragic hero with an afflicted perception the moment he is presented to the audience. Structurally, Miller develops this further as Willy gives us an account of his journey phratry, stating I almost forgot I was driving. This trim for his surroundings and safety illustrates just how easily his physical and mental perceptual constancy can be compromised. Alternatively, one may associate Willys spell by the thick trees and warm sun with th e almost hallucinogenic connotations of nature, or what he may be describing as such strange thoughts, with the passage possibly symbolise Willys suspension between responsibilities and his sense of nirvana, a road he confronts e very(prenominal) week of my life. The use of nature is probatory to the settings created by Miller. As the curtain rises and reveals the Loman house, he ensures that We are aware of towering, angular shapes behind it, surrounding it on all sides. The way they enclose the setting directs our attention to the fragile-seeming house and emphasises Willy as the Low-man intended by his name. One may interpret this as a pathetic fallacy, alluding to their sense of isolation and vulnerability, the reason of which being a traditional trait of the tragic hero.However, the way Miller isolates the entire Loman family reflects the way the American dream was an influence to many mountains lives and is not merely a unique flaw in Willy. The setting created by Miller corresponds with Aristotles unity of place, stating that a play should cover a single physical space and should not attempt to compress geography. This appropriately fits within the Aristotelian model as it focuses little on the power of external conflicts, but rather the intrinsic and non-progressive world view Willy is unable to escape from.This peripheral is sharply contrasted by Millers references to the hobo camp through Ben, who despite being dead before the play begins, remains a big influence to Willy and his search for capitalism. The jungles symbolic connotations of wild freedom and liberty epitomises all that opposes the American dream. One could also argue that they represent the opportunities Willy rejected due to his hubris, his hardy faith in the American dream.Rollyson explores this idea and states Willy is only as unfluctuating as the society in which he tries to sell himself, and everything from his view of America as the greatest country in the world to his idolisation of David Singleman suggests that the American dream is something he is deeply sold into. Through Millers use of a non-linear narrative, the audience gains a greater understanding of the way symbols are established and the development of the setting in which they manifest.Willys commemoration of the past makes us aware that the apartment buildings replaced their natural surroundings, most notably the two beautiful elm trees, the presences of which echo through the repeated port of leaves around their home. The construction of the apartment buildings has rendered their neighbourhood lifeless, and Willys statement The gauge dont grow any more may reflect on the state of poverty throughout the United States, induced by the Wall Street crash.He adds that they massacred the neighbourhood, with the lexical choice massacred highlighting the mercilessness of the industrialisation which compromised their way of life. The ambiguity of they may echo Willys miss of perception ov er who is truly responsible for the desolate state of their economy, represented by both Willys failure as a salesman and their home environment, isolated, unable to flourish. At this point, the audience should understand the power of these symbols, which are shown to prepare direct influence over Willys life by conciliatory his mental stability.Willys two large sample cases symbolise his lessened efforts attempting to fulfil the role of a successful provider. Their physical weight acts as a pathetic fallacy to represent Willys emotional ponderosity and an appeal to the audiences sympathy. Lindas first words pull up her anxiety of him potentially smashing the car, symbolising mobility. The irony is that no count how far he drives to work, he doesnt seem to get anyplace or achieve anything beyond his mundane routine.Miller immediately contrasts this real symbol in their present seasonframe with a mentally-constructed symbol from Willys past, open(a) to us through Willys inner thoughts That funny? I coulda give tongue to I was driving that Chevvy today. This juxtaposition of past and present tenses helps create the feeling of disorientation which we would expect Willy to experience. The Chevrolet symbolises status and success, even described by Willy as the greatest car ever built only for him to later contradict himself by asserting that they ought to prohibit the manufacture of that car We may identify Willys tragic flaw as his willingness to base his very existence on material goods. Millers extensive use of such symbols reflects the obsessive nature of Willy and this effective literary technique acts as a vehicle to draw our attention to the flawed society of 20th-century America, solely preoccupied with the relentless pursuit of the tragic American dream. It is at the end of Act 2 when we discover that the car, a symbol of advance and modernity, becomes no more than an instrument for Willys suicidal downfall.Throughout Willys indwelling confli ct, Linda remains a symbol of emotional security, whose unconditional love sees past his lack of success. Her pivotal speech Willy Loman never made a apportion of money So attention must be paid mirrors the utter of Greek tragedy, acting as an interlude during which the audience reflects on the progression of the play. Linguistically, her repetitive use of negatives not and never emphasise his lack of execution and simplicity as a character.She is heavily conscious of the tragic hatful Willy is heading toward, and her devotion to him is shown as she mends her stockings. Structurally, this is placed immediately after Willys scene with The Women whom is treated with new stockings. Miller juxtaposes Willys infidelity with the dishonor he feels being unable to provide successfully shown as he acts angrily at the sight of them. The motifs of hope and dreams symbolise the search for the unobtainable, a fundamental flaw in Willys characterisation.With the working title The deep dow n of His Head, Miller originally intended to make the setting itself a natural philosophy manifestation of Willys internal mental state, with the stage layout resembling the shape of a head. One could argue that Millers use of imaginary walls-lines which characters travel through instead of the doors as to indicate a recollection of Willys past would show a comprised mental structure within Willys psyche.Although these externalities largely influence Willys behaviour, we must also consider him as symbolic, as he represents the struggling everyman whose belief in the flawed American dream is slowly killing him. Millers use of symbols within Death of a Salesman allows us to witness exactly how Willy, a tragic character bounded by his temper, massive dreams and little cruelties, becomes progressively more influenced by both his thoughts and surrounding environment.By stimulating our senses and heightening prominent tension, it is a quintessential device used to enhance the audienc es understanding and sense of sympathy toward this tragic character so mentally distorted by this ideal, without which there would be no tragedy to interpret. As a play famously described as a time bomb expertly placed under the edifice of Americanism, Miller makes a great effort to illustrate his beliefs of the American Dream as a corrupt ethos by showing its tragic effect on the park American man.

Apple Is a Good Investment Essay

Yes, orchard apple tree would be a good investment? because it has stocks that be rising sky-high right now Apple is an American transnational corporation that designs and markets consumer electronics, computers softw are and personal computers. The companys best(p) accredit hardware products include the iPod, and the iphone and the ipad. Apple software includes the Mac OS X operating system and the iTunes media BrowerThe three reasons why I would invest in apple are because apples market share as a computer marker is on a strong up trend is now up 17.6 percent. Another reason why I would invest in apple is that apple retail stores are the best performing stores in the USA provided last but not least I would invest in apple is because apple dominates the unison download industry.Apple is a good ending? Because the following are the various reasons why investment in Apple Corporation is a good investment, the balance is one of the financial statements which help the investor in decision making in the company. The source of data is from the higher up balance weather sheet statement the other assets in the long term category of the above balance sheet have also increased which shows financial proceeding of the company is better.The total current liabilities have also decreased differentiated? The results compare to revenue of $7.51 billion and net quarterly salary of $1.05 billion or $1.16 per diluted share in the year ago. In March 28 2009 the company posted revenue of $8.16 billion and net quarterly profit of $1.21 billion or $1.33 per diluted share.Apple current liabilities from 2005 was 3,484,000 into 2009 11,506,000 in the apples balance sheet , which shows all of their assets, liabilities and their stockholder equity erect about everything listed on the balance sheet is pretty important but for simplicities sale well just go over cash receivables and inventory on the assets sides pulse accounts payable on the liabilities sides

Word Order in a Noun Phrase and English Anaphors

formulate ORDER IN NP AND ENGLISH ANAPHORS Tereza Stifnerova The purpose of this es avow is first off to show the word order of a noun phrase (NP) and how the laissez passer noun of the NP can be post- and pre-modified, and heartbeatly to focus on nitty-gritty of nigh examples of side anaphors and the distinctions between them and their Czech readings. The first part is going to take up on the internal structure of NPs. Complex nominal phrase consists of the pre-modifying elements, the head noun and the post-modifying elements.The so-called pre-modifiers can be divided into deuce groups determiners and prenominals. We have to say that determiners atomic number 18 obligatory and unique (Veselovska86), and they have a specific spotlight in the noun phrase they are at the beginning. Among determiners we arrange also the possesives (my, your, etcetera ). These two (determiners and possesives) are shown in (1). (1) a/the/my/mums sanction Prenominals are the adjectives and sec ondary adjectives between the determiners and the head noun.They are optional, which promoter they do non have to be in the NP, and they are recursive it means they are not lie up in a rattling strict order, besides there are some semantic features which feign the order. (2) a. the small old benighted woody box b. ? the wooden blue old small box c. small the old blue wooden box Post-modifiers, or postnominals, can also have a pertinacious or a relatively drop by the wayside order. Among elements of these category belong duplex prepositional phrases (3-4), verbs with infinitive or in the ing form (5-6), clauses (relative clause) (7), complex adjectival phrases (8) and of-phrases (9). 3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) the represent for Jane from Peter ? the gift from Peter to Jane a girl to watch the lector teaching history the gift which you gave me a girl AP more handsome than me the student of philology Except the last one, the otherwises can be lined up after the head no un in a relatively free order. (10) a book of fairytales tied with a blue ribbon for my young woman As I said, the of-phrase has a fixed place in a word order of a NP it has to follow the head noun instantaneously because it is adjacent to the noun. 11) a. an office of the teacher with the fair door b. * an office with the white door of the teacher In the second part I am going to translate some examples of English anaphors into Czech and then deal the means of them and I will also try to show the distinctions between English and Czech forms. Here are the examples in English (a1) Theyi killed themk. (b1) Theyi killed themselvesi. (c1) Theyi killed each otheri. And the translation into Czech (a2) Oni je zabili. (b2) Oni se zabili. (c2) Oni se zabili (navzajem).The example (a1) has the list i with the pronoun they and the index k with the accusative case of the pronoun they, which means that the pronoun they have a meaning of battalion, which are NOT the people included in th e meaning of them, i. e. them has the so-called disjoined refference. The following examples (12), (13) and (14) show that in English the nominative case and accusative cases of the pronoun they are used to mark different (groups of) people. (12) (13) (14) The thievesi killed themk. The thievesi killed the thievesk. *The thievesi killed the thievesi. the thieves ? them they are not the same thieves so they cannot have the same index The example (b1) has the index i in both cases it means that they and themselves includes the same people. Because themselves is a reflex(prenominal) pronoun, we live on that the group of people indicated in they is the same group of people as in themselves. In the example (c1) is shown the same as in the example (b1), although in this case the second pronoun is reciprocal so we know that the group of people included in they consists in this case of two people.It means that the first one killed the second one and conversely the second one killed t he first one. It means that the reciprocals require the antecedent to be plural (the action or relation takes place between the members of the set, reciprocally). (Veselovska104) These anaphors in (b1) and (c1) are also called syntactic anaphors. Syntactic anaphors have a hierarchically higher(prenominal) antecedent, which means they must be bound in the same clause, commonly in the position of present or Agent (Veselovska104) as in (15) and (16). (15) (16) We saw ourselves in the mirror. To educate oneself is a choice of every person. urselves Subject oneself Agent (of educating) In Czech it is different. The first example (a2) is very unsophisticated the pronouns clearly state who killed whom. Oni killed je, which means one group of people killed the other one. The examples (b2) and (c2) are in Czech similar in form exactly different in meaning. Nevertheless, in the second case we can optionally add the word navzajem, so it would be more clear who killed whom but basically , the reflexive pronoun se is universal in Czech. BIBLIOGRAPHY Veselovska, Ludmila. A Course In English Morpho-Syntax. UP Olomouc, 2009

Brief Analysis Of Historical Inaccuracy In Literature

apprize Analysis of Historical Inaccuracy in Literature Literature is among the most authorized sources of diachronic and cultural education it is arguably much more native to the public before the prevalence of motion pictures. Hence, the core idea, the soak upion of flat coat and even the most trivial details in literature put forward somehow shape the readers understandings of a person, an ethnicity group, a nation and a signifier of culture. Therefore, literature has the burden of being historic solelyy accurate.In the case of many German tales about anti-Semitism, cultural intolerance and ethnically discrimination against Jews are explicit. The tales depict Jews as blasphemers, murderers and liars, but the more interesting phenomenon is the fate of all these Jews in the tales, where they are labeled, expelled and executed. If we review the history of Jews during WI, in which they were first forced to fall a explode the Star of David as symbol, then expelled from normal activities and driven to ghettos, and finally persecuted in concentration amps, we can find the strong similarity between the tales and the reality.Perhaps, part of the motivations behind the Holocaust is the negative understandings or hostility cultivated with these antisemitic tales. In my childhood, watched the movie of Cleopatra and started to consider Octavia as a negative image, contempt that Augustus was the greatest emperor of Rome. Similarly, many German childrens understandings of Jews as villains from the tales would have complex impact on their future. Furthermore, tragic and catastrophic events tend to stimulate a deeper negation, which is why literature referring to tragic events should be more cautious regarding historical accuracy.For example, childrens sympathy of the girl in The Girl Who Was Killed by Jews can create considerable hatred against Jews. Likewise, when I saw a review to a book about Battle of Outburst saying that Germans are all murderers because t heir ancestors were all butchers, know another hatred against Germans is being cultivated with unfaithful or biased literature of Vowel.

Imperialism and Colonization Essay

colony and imperialism argon inherently associated with an economic shape that is meant to gain the miserliness of the colonizing power (herein referred to as benefactor state) by providing target trade for manufactured goods and source of warm materials. During the twentieth century almost colonies gained freedom or autonomy resulting in a disruption of the economic model associated with small town and imperialism. A current trend is worldwideisation which necessitates a get by reversal of the economic role of states.The role has changed from serving as a foodstuff for the benefactor state to manufacturing products using inexpensive labor that ar and wherefore change back to the benefactor state. Many states (particularly in Africa) befool not been able to adjust to this change and guard, thus, been caught between closure and globalization without pissed economic ties to new(prenominal) nations. To minimize conflict within a state and between states, the respec tive nations must lay down ties that are strong tolerable to transcend national boundaries.This is plain when examining global trends such(prenominal) as colonization and globalization which tend to focus nations that would normally be at odds on a common goal. In the case of colonization, natives of tenanted territories are inclined to unite against the occupying power. A current trend towards globalization has promoted nations to unite because of an increased economic dependence between states. The hold (albeit untrue) that thither has never been a war between two countries having McDonalds underscores the immensity of economic ties that can transcend national boundaries.A History of Imperialism and Colonization During the height of colonialism, Britain state direct over a quarter of the land and virtuoso three of the existence. Combined, Britain and eight some separate(a) European countries control direct approximately 84% of the earths surface. (Conklin 1) What fact ors allowed Europeans to exert such a strong influence on other parts of the world? More crucially, what were the motivations for subjugating the lay of the world that endure make such a profound impact even in the moderne world? J. A. Hobson gets the driving force behind olonization as the investor who cannot find at home the lucrative use he seeks for his capital, and insists that his Government should help him to profitable and secure investments abroad. (Hobson 15) On the practical side of colonization, armies are needed and colonization cant occur until an industrial revolution begins. Industrialization requires cheesy labor, a navy, a target market to buy surplus products and raw materials. Without a bad enough target audience for selling goods, the industrial revolution would have been stymied and Britains economy and industry could not have advanced as rapidly.Essentially, raw materials are shipped out of colonies to the colonizing country, manufactured into a sin less product using cheap labor and then sold back to the colonies at profit. (Kollenbroich) Undoubtedly, there are other factors that motivated European powers to colonize Christianity, national pride and civilizing those perceived as savages to name some. However, there is no denying that most colonies became economically dependent on the colonizing country. This implies that economic reasons, irrespective of other motivating factors for colonization, were a driving force in colonization.In fact, the factors such as Christianity, national pride and the mission to civilize would precise much go legislate in hand with the economic motivation and reply to conceal the economic reasons from the general public. (Kollenbroich) M. K. Ghandi agrees with that statement, England is a nation of shopkeepers, (attributed to Napoleon) and goes on to describe how the British, hold whatever dominions they have for the sake of their commerce. (Ghandi 25) Continuing on the resembling note, Ghan di explains that the British view the world as a vast market for their goods.According to Ghandi, the British didnt conquer India per se rather the sufferance of British commerce, lifestyle and law allowed the British to govern India. For this very reason, Ghandi promotes a lifestyle lacking in machinery. What did India do before these articles were introduced? Precisely the said(prenominal) should be done today. (Ghandi 28-29) In Ghandis opinion, removing economic ties to Britain and rest of Europe, India would last attain sovereignty. Clearly, the economy plays a vital role in colonization and is a strong motivation by providing raw materials and markets to sell finished goods.The question that begs to be asked is How were Europeans able to convince or force other parts of the world to accept colonization? The answer has everything to do with image. If natives didnt believe that the Europeans were superior, revolts would have been much more widespread. In turn, European milita ries would have been spread excessively thin and outnumbered. The key to preventing this lies in creating the illusion for natives that the Europeans are superior in every way and resistance is futile. The style of notice is as important as the fact the Europeans are in control of the colony.Typically the French would use a divide and conquer strategy. They would exploit in French administrators and subject the natives to French culture. This was effective because the French a great deal grouped tribes or groups of natives that didnt get along. Instead of encountering the French, the natives would fight amongst themselves. On the other hand, the British would preserve parts of the local placement and choose natives leaders. This was effective for the British because it gave the natives the illusion of a certain squeeze aim of autonomy while the British remained in control. Kollenbroich) The socio-economic model in most colonies was noticeably lacking a middle class. On one h and there are the natives who are often dirt lamentable by European standards and on the other hand there are the business concern and elite classes that are continually sucking profit out of the colonies. This is approximately true of even Europe because of industrialization which left hand a large lower class working in the factories for minimal wages. The Trend of globalization The push towards a more global economy has several important consequences.Many states that were once colonizing powers have seen their role shift to that of economic powerhouses with global cities that serve as command and control centers for the economy. (Sassen, 4) In the wake of globalization, an increase number of firms have centralized their business presence in the business district areas of global cities and placed numerous factories in unconnected states to take favor of lower labor prices. The placement or acquisition of factories in other states is known as foreign direct investment (FDI). The five study exporters of capital (joined States, United Kingdom, Japan, France and Ger many a(prenominal)) account for 70 percent of FDI (Sassen 11). According to Sassen, the festering in FDI has been embedded in the internationalization of production of goods and services. (Sassen 10) This is readily evident when considering the number of factories world built in Latin American and southeastward Asian. The semiconductor explosion couplight-emitting diode with other industries choosing to locate in Asia has led to an emergence of Southeast Asia as a crucial transnational aloofness for production. (Sassen 11) Prominent American companies have increasingly moved the manufacturing of products offshore to take advantage of more lax labor laws and significantly lower wages. The musical passage from colonization to globalization has seen the role of foreign countries move from buying products to creating products cheaply. The political economy of intervention has played a more d ominant role in foreign policy and will continue to do so in the future. For decades the United States and Soviet Union managed to see capitalism and communism spread, respectively.The struggle played out both economically and militarily in many countries throughout the world and is important because more often than not decolonized countries would be in need of economic and sometimes military intervention. More recently, the United States and other countries have faced decisions about whether to intervene in situations such as Somalia and other African states. Interventions such as these are often viewed by the much of the public as too gnomish too late and this can be attributed, at least in part, to a lack of economic interest in the conflict.In fact, intervention be millions and sometimes billions of dollars which, in many politicians eyes, is not justified. To make matters worse, politicians are very careful about labeling conflicts as massacres or genocide because as short as a conflict is labeled as such, it ethically requires intervention. What happens then to a state caught between colonization and globalization that has little or no economical tie to the global economy? If the conflict receives enough attention on the world stage and there is enough bloodshed, then there is a good chance that a peacekeeping force will intervene.However, the chance of intervention in a conflict with little or no bloodshed is much slimmer and may never materialize. upshot Study Zimbabwe According to the International Crisis Group, Zimbabwes economy is hemorrhaging. (Zimbabwe 5) Zimbabwes economy has shrunk approximately 25 percent since 1998, inflation is more than 228% percent (Zimbabwe CIA) and unemployment is high than 60 percent. Foreign direct investment (FDI) has decreased from 436 million USD in 1998 to 4. 5 million USD. The FDI alone is indicative of an ever increasing to-do between todays global economy and the economy of Zimbabwe. whatever economic tie s that Zimbabwe has with the rest of the world are slowly wasting aside with a decrease in gold production and decreased foreign aid. In fact, reducing hours and production volume is now the norm and has led to a scarcity of basic commodities within the country. To make a poor situation even worse, the government of Zimbabwe has been directing farm seizures that have led to 95 percent of large scale farmers either stopping trading operations or being severely disrupted. The food production has declined by 40 percent and prompted a United Nations (UN) report that warns of the potential of famine.If predictions hold true, Zimbabwes harvests will not be enough to feed the entire population Zimbabwe will be forced to import food. The government has gone as far as deploying army and police units to deal with riots, should they break out. (Zimbabwe) The govern ZANU-PF party has been systematically eliminating opposition from the Movement for Democratic Change (MDC). The ZANU-PF has bee n impeach of distributing food to party members rather than equally which means that even children of MDC supporters have food withheld.ZANU-PF supporters, civil servants and traditional leaders are blocking MDC supporters from getting maize It is clear that some schemes have been discriminatory for months without the donor being aware. (Zimbabwe 7) Thus far, the rest of the world has been passive about the happenings in Zimbabwe. In part, this can be attributed to the need to intervene if a country or countries declare a humanitarian crisis in Zimbabwe. As noted earliest the FDI has dramatically declined resulting in essentially no economic ties between Zimbabwe and the rest of the world.More than likely, aid or intervention will not take place without a crisis that places Zimbabwe in the center of the world stage. Zimbabwe is just one former colony of many (in Africa and other parts of the world) that gained independence and left behind the imperialistic economy. Unfortunately , Zimbabwe has gaitped out of one economic model and failed to step into the global economy. This is evident in the dramatically decreased FDI and production as well as the lack of intervention from other states. Focus on Former African Colonies World War II left the European powers (with the exception of Portugal) scrambling to leave Africa.As alluded to earlier, colonizing is an expensive business that takes enormous resources and at last is profitable for a relatively small number people. Most European colonies in Africa were never as profitable as had been hoped for couldnt be justified like India and some other colonies. The bad name attached to imperialism by Hitler helped accelerate the process in Africa as well as other parts of the world. Due to a lack of economic motivation capable of transcending national boundaries, many former colonies have descended into civil wars and other disputes between nations within the state.As demonstrated with Zimbabwe, this conflict is no t of necessity militarily (although this is often the case) carried out and may be something as august as withholding food or other basic commodities from a portion of the population. Countless other African states such as Somali, Uganda, Liberia, Sudan, Ethiopia, Rwanda and the congo have had or continue to have conflicts between nations. Many countries in Africa are lacking a solid economy that isnt dominate by a single sector such as agriculture.

A visit to Subir Raha Oil Museum at ONGC Essay

As a persona of the curriculum of the programs offered at UPES, the students of first semester MBA Energy Trading and MBA crude & throttle valve were taken to Subir Raha Oil Museum, ONGC in Dehradun. Being the students of the petroleum industry, this visit gave us a rich and holistic picture about how inunct it is created in the nature, how motley methods are utilize to detected it, the various ch every last(predicate)enges which the industry faces during its stock and processing, how fossil oil is refined and finally how it is effectively distributed via various means.Along with all this, the visit withal gave us an in depth picture on how an oil industry functions around all these areas. We learnt about the intrinsic enlarge of drilling & refining of oil and also about how the life is in offshore drilling platforms like the Jack-Up Rig, through video films. go with with our faculty Dr. Somya Sharma, Course Coordinator of MBA Energy Trading, the students were very excite d to know the details of the oil industry which in this museum, was depicted in innovative shipway and with various working stickers which really grasped our attention.All in all, the visit was enriching and brought us closer to the industry. ONGC is the foremost exploration and mathematical p roduct company in India. It is trusty for most of the exploration effort, established reserves and oil and shoot a line production in India. ONGC possesses the fiscal, good and managerial strength to rank as a world-class oil and gas company. Describing their Museum in detail, it was inaugurated on 14th rarefied 2005. Earlier it was The headquarters of the Oil and Natural Gas Corporation circumscribed and this was set up in Tel Bhawan also known as Patiala House, at Dehradun in 1956. The place was once the palace of the maharaja of Patiala house and was brought by ONGC for an amount of INR 6 lakhs.The museum is divided into different sectors of the oil industry. First branch told us about what oil is and its Brobdingnagian history. It refreshed our knowledge on how oil is formed on earth, the various grades of oil found in different places and how it gets deposited in various traps in the earths crust. We also saw a Foucault pendulum which shows the indubitable fact of earths undying rotation about its axis. In this section, in that location were samples of different types of crude oil and several(prenominal) charts explaining their qualities at different temperature and the viscosityeffect they exhibit spell transporting the respective crude oil. The second section gave us an insight on the exploration and production of oil.Here we were shown scaled down models of various types of rigs and the ships used by ONGC for the E&P activities. These models were enclosed in aquariums with exotic fishes in it, which really fascinated us. Third section told us about the conveying methods and refining technologies used in this industry. An extensive description was p rovided about various IT technologies used by the ONCG in every aspect of their activities. After that there were several kiosks set up which explained about the different distillates obtained from the crude oil and the various catalysts used to obtain those distillates. A beautiful working model was also present which depicted the cracking of the crude.After the above technical section, we came across an exhibit which showed the several of the ONGCs refineries both existing and upcoming, tag on a detailed map of our country. at that place were also several charts explaining the various safety policies and the extreme measures which the ONGC takes in order to protect their employees and the environment. We were also given an insight into the future plans and goals of ONGC, wherein they are planning to venture into the demesne of several new fuel types like the coal bed methane, gas hydrates under the ONGC VIDESH LTD program.The rest of the section told us about the infrastructure of ONGC, the vast assets and basins they own and the several services they provide in petroleum industry. There was an attractive display of how the oil industry had influenced the world of philately in various nations. And also, there was an amazing exhibits of fossils from pre historic era and an amazing accretion of unique rocks like the flexible rock Itacolumite.Outside the museum, there was a incredible display of several types of drill bits, a christmas tree, several types of carbon out preventer, a coiled tubing unit, a sucker rod pump and a thumper truck. All of this, not only makes this museum, the first compressive museum on oil in the entire nation but also a pioneering ecology of the oil industry in the entire sub-continent. It was a profusion of information on oil industry from which the students of the MBA Energy trading and MBA Oil & Gas immensely benefited from.

Modern audience Essay

In Romeo and Juliet, the play is set in the 1590s, which is a actually different way of life than today. So to make the play greet to an audience of today it needs to be altered a little. I would set it in England. In the bustling city of Newcastle outdoors of St crowds Park (Newcastle Uniteds Football G bout). The trouble set aside alone occur between two groups of rival football supporters, which be Newcastle (Montague) and Liverpool (Capulet). cardinal supporters of Liverpool impart play the roles of Sampson and Gregory. They will be sitting down outside the sphere waiting for the match to start with a bottle of vodka in a brown paper bag. One will be article of clothing a black Liverpool coat and blue jeans and the other will befool a Liverpool island of Jersey and black jeans. They joke unitedly and boast that they are superior to the Newcastle supporters Me they shall feel while I am able to stand, and tis know I am a pretty piece of flesh. accordinglyce they are faced with two Newcastle supporters (the serving men). They will both be vesture Newcastle shirts and jeans. Sampson and Gregory hesitate whether to cause a bit of trouble or to leave them alone. They decide to annoy the Newcastle supporters, this is to provoke them so they throw the first punch. The Liverpool supporters do this by making gestures indirectly at them. In Elizabethan clock biting your own thumb at people was a primitive gesture, and this is what Sampson and Gregory do in the play. But this gesture is not so habitual at all today, so to ultramodernise it, the gesture will be spitting in front of the Newcastle supporters as they walk past. therefore the Newcastle supporters consume the two if they spat at them Do you bite your thumb at us, sir? and the Liverpool supporter says no he didnt do it towards him on purpose.Then lays Benvolio who will be wearing a Newcastle shirt as well, he is a friend of the manager of Newcastle who looks after the stadium. Instead of fighting with swords they will use their fists. Tybalt enters and will be on Liverpools side and he quarrels with Benvolio Turn thee, Benvolio, look upon thy death, Then they fight. Several supporters join in from round the corner. Then come the police to stop what is now fast sightly a riot. The Liverpool footballers arrive on their bus oblivious to the riot, the manager of the football team (Capulet) is pulled off the bus and is forced to fight his way out. Then arrives the other manager (Montague) on a bus also. The highest rank of the stadium security (Prince Escales) leads the rest of the guards to stop this riot.After the fight has calmed down everyone has been arrested or taken to hospital except Benvolio, Montague and then enters his wife who was supposed to enter at the same time as Montague but in modern days a women would not involve herself in a fight. Montague then worries about his son Romeo he thinks he might have been conglomerate in the brawl O where is Romeo? Saw you him today? Then enters Romeo and it seems he was not in the riot as he is wearing his Newcastle t-shirt and his jeans which are clean and arent ripped or torn. Then Benvolio and Romeo talk together about Romeos troubles. Which leads into the next scene.

Reviewer for Science Quiz Bee Essay

1. A great Greek philosopher, he was the commencement person to study nature systematic everyy. ARISTOTLE 2. He laid the prep atomic number 18ation of modern-day scientific thought and assembled materials for an organized encyclopedia of all knowledge. ARISTOTLE 3. He was the jump essential philosopher in ancient times. ARISTOTLE 4. A Benedictine nun, she contri plainlyed the medical defecate Cauocean et Curae et Physica. HILDEGARD OF BENGEN 5. An astronomer who proposed that the lie was the center of the universe. -NICOLAS COPERNICUS6. He sight the circulation of the blood which ushered in the new age in the study of medicine and biology. WILLIAM HARVEY 7. He was the first to raise the telescope to the sky to study the universe. GALILEO GALILEI 8. He formulated the 3 laws of planetary motion. JOHANNES KEPLER 9. He proposed the Theory of Evolution. CHARLES DARWIN10. She disc all overed radioactivity. MADAME MARIE CURIE 11. He discovered the germ that causes tuberculosis. ROBERT KOCH 12. He became famous for his conk on fermentation and decay. LOUIS PASTEUR 13. He proposed the Theory of Relativity. ALBERT EINSTEIN14. He won the Nobel Prize for his work on p vehementoelectric effect. ALBERT EINSTEIN 15. She determined the structure of bio chemic compounds essential I treating pernicious anemia. -DOROTHY HODGKIN16. He is considered as the father of ge another(prenominal)mal might using. ARTURO ALCARAZ 17. He invented a fertilizer call farmers nice organic fertilizer. ABRAHAM Q. TADEJA 18. He invented a solar engine that fanny produce electricity for home use. JESUS ALVERO 19. A national scientist, is best remembered for his work on medicinal plants. He discovered over 4,000 plant species. EDUARDO A. QUISUMBING 20. It is the scientific way of solving problems. SCIENTIFIC METHOD 21. It is a systematic and tenacious function in solving problems. SCIENTIFIC METHOD22. It is a argufy or a task which a scientist beneathtakes for scientific purposes. PROBLEM 23. It is an ameliorate guess nearly a certain phenomenon. HYPOTHESIS 24. It refers to the general procedure on how to carry out an experiment. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN 25. These ar the factors that argon multiplied or changed. INDEPENDENT VARIABLES 26. These ar the factors that change in answer to the independent variable. DEPENDENT VARIABLE 27. It is a whole of measure utilise by Egyptians. CUBIT28. It is the hold from the elbow to the tip of the middle finger. CUBIT 29. It is a modernised version of the metric system. INTERNATIONAL corpse OF UNITS/SI SYSTEM 30. It provides a logical and interconnected framework for all measurements in skill, industry, and commerce. INTERNATIONAL SYSTEM OF UNITS/SI SYSTEM 31. It is use to weigh small masses of objects. political platform brace 32. It is equivalent to a foot and consists of 12 inches. RULER 33. It use in criterion length and distance. RULER34. It apply to measure length and distance. It consists of 100 centimeters . METERSTICK 35. Measures time in seconds, chips, and hours. STOPWATCH 36. It measures volume of liquids. graduate CYLINDER37. It measures atmospheric temperature. THERMOMETER 38. It measures the metier or weight of objects. SPRING BALANCE 39. These argon the digits that indicate the certainty of the number of units in a mensurable measuring rod. SIGNIFICANT FIGURES 40. It is a shorthand writing of extremely salient or small figures. SCIENTIFIC NOTATION 41. It is the changing from smaller to bigger unit and vice versa. CONVERSION 42. It is the distance from iodin point to a nonher. LENGTH43. It is the rudimentary standard unit in the metric system. METER44. It is the put work by point. VOLUME45. It is the amount of way out in an object. MASS46. It refers to the quantity of matter. MASS47. It is a quantity of matter which does not change with meridian of a place. MASS 48. It is utilize to measure the volume of an irregular object. body of piss work shift METHOD 49. It is de comelyd as the mass per unit volume. parsimony50. A Greek mathematician who discovered that the realm is round. PYTHAGORAS 51. A Greek mathematician who measured the circumference of the ground as 25,000 miles. ERATHOSTHENES 52. It is an information gathered using the vanadium senses. OBSERVATION 53. It is a conclusion or an interpretation of events found from observed information. INFERENCE 54. It is utilise as a container and as a oestrus thingmabob. It measures volume of liquids. BEAKER 55. It is apply as a lovingnessing apparatus, a container and whitethorn be used for measuring the volume of liquids. ERLENMEYER flask 56. It is used as a instigateing apparatus. It is also used as a distilling twisting for collecting gases. FLORENCE FLASK57. It is used for the preparation of any solution. VOLUMETRIC FLASK 58. It is used as a container for liquid solutions and powderized chemicals. TEST tube-shaped structure 59. It is used to reign a examination tube while h eating. TEST pipework HOLDER 60. It is used to weft up and hold any hot apparatus. TONGS 61. It is used to distribute evenly the heat of the flame. WIRE netting 62. It is used as a container of liquids and unanimouss being tested. WIDE-MOUTH BOTTLE 63. It is used to hold an apparatus especially when being heated. BURET CLAMP/TEST TUBE CLAMP 64. It is used to support heating apparatuses. TRIPOD65. It is used for stirring/ commingle liquid or solid salmagundis. STIRRING ROD 66. It is used for measuring a small amount of liquid. MEDICINE DROPPER 67. It is used for cleansing any glass apparatus. TEST TUBE BRUSH 68. It is used to pick and hold hot objects. compelPS69. It is used to pour liquids from unitary container to another(prenominal). FUNNEL 70. It is used for grinding solid substances to powderized form. MORTAR AND PESTLE 71. It is used to allow liquids to evaporate. EVAPORATING lot 72. It is used for scooping solids or any powderized substance. SPATULA AND SPOON 73. It is used to hold test tubes in place. TEST TUBE RACK 74. It is the main heating device in the laboratory in the absence of a Bunsen burner. lab BURNER 75. It is used to weigh chemicals and smaller masses of objects. PLATFORM BALANCE 76. It is used as a container for specimens being studied. WATCH GLASS77. These argon used to thicken printing dyes for the textile industry. ALGINATES 78. It is an herbal plant with medicinal value. It kindle cure stomach ache, diarrhea, and colic. TSAANG-GUBAT 79. It is anything that occupies space and has mass. MATTER 80. This is the devotion between molecules. intermolecular ATTRACTION 81. A anatomy that causes the piss molecules at the surface to support as though they argon being stretched. SURFACE TENSION 82. It is the rising slope action of a liquid inside a genuinely fine tube. CAPILLARITY83. The attraction between both different kinds of molecule. ADHESION 84. The attraction between the same kinds of molecule. COHESION 85. It consists o f peerless phase with a certain(prenominal) com position. PURE SUBSTANCE 86. Is any material with uniform composition. SUBSTANCE87. These argon made up of atoms of the same identity. ELEMENTS 88. These argon pure substances that can be resolved into unidentical atoms. COMPUNDS 89. A physical combination of two more substances. salmagundi 90. It is a combination of two or more kinds of substance which can be separated by physical means. MIXTURE 91. A classification that has alone one distinct phase. HOMOGENOUS MIXTURE 92. A mixture that has two or more distinct phases. HETEROGENOUS MIXTURE 93. A mixture that is made up of 2 or more substances that are mixed together. HETEROGENOUS MIXTURE 94. It is the standard unit for mass based on the SI system of measurement. KILOGRAM 95. It is the measure of the pull of gravity on an object. WEIGHT 96. The standard unit for measuring weight. NEWTON97. The king of a matter to return to their original size and shape afterwards being pushed, pulled or subjected to stress. ELASTICITY 98. The ability of a matter to be extended or plaintened and shaped. MALLEABILITY 99. It is the temperature at which a solid begins to liquefy. MELTING POINT 100. It is the temperature at which a liquid starts changing into the vaporish phase. BOILING POINT 101. It describes that matter and aptitude cannot be created nor destroyed, however, they can be transformed. LAW OF preservation OF MASS102. It was formulated to explain the composition and manner of matter. MOLECULAR scheme 103. Even smaller particles that make up a molecule. ATOMS 104. Smallest particle of an element. ATOM 105. Smallest particle of a compound. MOLECULE 106. It is characterized by a change in the phase or verbalize of a substance. fleshly alternate 107. It is characterized by the formation of new substances with new properties and compositions. chemical CHANGE 108. These are the materials that undergo a change. REACTANTS109. These are the materials formed as a resoluteness of the chemical change or reaction between the reactants. PRODUCTS 110. It refers to the growth in which the amount of living substances in the body increases. GROWTH 111. The do work whereby organisms produce new organisms of the same kind. REPRODUCTION 112. It is that ability to respond to extraneous stimuli. IRRITABILITY113. It means enchantring or shifting from one place or position to another. MOVEMENT 114. It allows an organism to change, helping it to cope with unfavorable changes in the purlieu. ADAPTATION 115. It is the basic structural unit of living things. mobile phone 116. He invented the microscope. ANTON VAN LEEUWENHOEK117. It is an instrument used to magnify or en grand minute objects. MICROSCOPE 118. An English scientist, the first person to see cubicleular phones using a very simple microscope. ROBERT HOOKE 119. It is a thin horizontal surface that surrounds and holds the parts of the cellular telephone together. cellphone MEMBRANE 120. It controls the activities of a cell. NUCLEUS121. It is the jelly-like liquid material of the cell. It contains many cell materials. CYTOPLASM 122. It contains a variety of cell structures. CYTOPLASM 123. These are structures in the cell which generally contain pigments. PLASTIDS 124. These are colorless plastids that are found in sex cells and storage cells of roots and underground stems. LEUCOPLASTS 125. These carry pigments that concur color to the plants. CHROMOPLASTS 126. It contains chlorophyll which traps light used in making diet. CHLOROPLASTS 127. A green pigment that is essential to photosynthesis. CHLOROPHYLL 128. It provides shape and support to the cell. CELL WALL129. These are filled with water cell sap which contains food, cell secretions, and wastes. VACUOLES 130. It stores water and dissolved materials. VACUOLES 131. Also kn give as suicidal firing, it contains the enzymes which promote the breakdown or digestion of carbohydrates, fats, and proteins. LYSOSOMES132. I t plays an important role in cell division, it is found in the cytoplasm of some wights and in some cyan algae. CENTROSOME 133. It moves materials within the cells and it maintains its shape. ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM 134. It controls the movement of materials in and out of nucleus. nuclear MEMBRANE 135. It releases nix, powerhouse of the cell. MITOCHONDRIA 136. This is where proteins are made. RIBOSOME137. It carries the code that controls a cell. CHROMOSOMES 138. It stores and releases chemicals. GOLGI BODIES 139. Small variety meat found in the cytoplasm of both plant and animal cells. ORGANELLES 140. The interaction between a community and its non-living environment. ECOSYSTEM 141. The study of interactions between living things and their environment. bionomics 142. It includes the different species of living organisms in a particular habitat. BIOTIC voice 143. It refers to the place where organisms live. HABITAT144. It is composed of non-living things. ABIOTIC COMPONENT 145. Are organisms that cannot make their own food. CONSUMERS 146. Plant eaters. HERBIVORES 147. Eats both plant and animal. OMNIVORE 148. It is a pathway of food and energy through with(predicate) an ecosystem. solid food CHAIN 149. It is a complex mesh of feeding relationships made up of many interconnected food chains. FOOD WEB150. This cycle involves photosynthesis and respiration. CARBON DIOXIDE-OXYGEN CYCLE 151. Microorganisms that acts upon the remaining nitrates in the mark. DENITRIFYING bacterium 152. It converts nitrates, nitrites, and ammonia into oxygen. DENITRIFYING BACTERIA 153. A relationship when both organisms are benefited. symbiosis 154. A relationship wherein one organism is benefited while the other is not harmed. COMMENSALISM 155. The organism that is rattling benefited. COMMENSAL156. The organism that is neither harmed nor benefited. HOST 157. A relationship wherein one organism is benefited while the other dies. PREEDATION 158. The organism which captures or kills another animal. PREDATOR 159. The organism which gets killed and eaten alive. PREY160. A relationship where one organism is benefited and the other is harmed. PARASITISM 161. A relationship wherein organisms compete for food in order to survive. COMPETITION 162. Ecological relationship in which participating organisms operate to the same species. INTRASPECIFIC 163. Ecological relationship in which participating organisms proceed to different species. INTERSPECIFIC 164. It is the put to work of manufacturing food in green plants. PHOTOSYNTHESIS165. A condition in the environment that stops a population from increase in size. LIMITING FACTOR 166. The destruction of fo remnant. DEFORESTATION 167. It is the adding of harmful substances to the environment that can affect all living organisms. befoulment 168. It is caused by particulates from motor vehicles and the burning of fuels in homes and factories. walkover POLLUTION 169. The wise use of inherent resources. CONSERVATI ON170. It is the wearing away of soil by water, wind, ice, and gravity. corrosion 171. It is the arrange of removing unhealthy trees and those with little commercial value. IMPROVEMENT shift 172. It is the practice of removing only mature trees as younger trees are left to grow. SELECTIVE CUTTING 173. It is the practice of renewing a forest by seeding or plant small trees. REFORESTATION174. It is the bring number of organisms of a species in an ecosystem. world 175. It is a group of population in an ecosystem. COMMUNITY 176. These are the roles play by an organism in a community. ECOLOGICAL NICHES 177. It is a diagram which shows the flow of energy in a food chain. ENERGY profit 178. These are level of energy consumption. TROPHIC LEVELS179. It refers to the land part of the earth. geosphere 180. These are the basic building blocks of the lithosphere. ROCKS 181. It is the science that deals with the study of formation, composition, and classification of persuades. lithology 182. The water part of the earth. HYDROSPHERE183. The continuous depression on the earths surface which holds ocean water. OCEAN privy 184. Sea of product line that alone surrounds the earth. ATMOSPHERE 185. It is generated primarily by the northeast trade winds. NORTH equatorial CURRENT 186. It is generated by the southeast trade winds and flows from east to west. SOUTH equatorial CURRENT 187. It flows towards the east between the two equatorial currents. EQUATORIAL predict CURRENT 188. Are movements of water which upshot from differences in density of attached water masses. DENSITY CURRENTS 189. The region drained by a river system. RIVER BASIN190. The height of the land separating one river from another. DIVIDE 191. It is the horizontal surface nighest the earth. TROPOSPHERE 192. It contains the o partition off layer. STRATOSPHERE 193. The coldest zone of the atmosphere. MESOSPHERE 194. Temperature in this layer increases quickly because of the absorption of energy from t he sun. THERMOSPHERE 195. A layer of electrically-charged particles which are useful for communications. IONOSPHERE 196. It is the layer that extends out to interplanetary space. EXOSPHERE 197. It is the current earth of the atmosphere. atmospheric condition198. It is an instrument used to measure the extort of air or air pressure. BAROMETER 199. A device that keeps the record of air pressure of pressure of air together with its changes for a extensiveer terminus of time. BAROGRAPH 200. It is the movement of the air caused by varying density. WIND 201. It is the moisture in the atmosphere. HUMIDITY202. It forms when a heroic part of air in the troposphere stops or moves slowly over a uniform land or water surface. AIR MASS 203. A high pressure area produced by the large pile of air over the earths surface. ANTICYCLONE 204. It appears as a depression or basin in an air mass. CYCLONE 205. It is the average state of all hold up conditions in an area over a long period of time. CLIMATE 206. It has been developed to control and induced precipitation, it is used to deal out fog at airports. CLOUD SEEDING 207. A person who studies the weather. METEOROLOGIST208. It measures wind speed. wind gauge 209. It is used to measure the amount of rain fall. RAIN GAUGE 210. It is a compilation of weather data from many collecting stations. WEATHER be 211. It causes the winds direction to change. CORIOLIS EFFECT 212. The study or science of weather. METEOROLOGY213. The prediction of weather. WEATHER FORECASTING 214. It describes a weather condition with a few clouds and no rain. FINE WEATHER 215. It means that clouds are present which may produce scattered rains but the greater element of the day will be sunny or without rain. FAIR WEATHER 216. It refers to a condition in which rains occur during a greater draw of the day with light to moderate winds. RAINY WEATHER 217. It refers to a weather condition characterized by rains and steady winds. STORMY WEATHER218. It is the agency amenable for providing information to the people on what to do before, during and after any natural phenomenon. PAG-ASA 219. He published the Origin of Continents and Oceans. ALFRED WEGENER 220. The surmise that suggests that continents had once been one large land mass which had separated and moved apart. CONTINENTAL DRIFT possibleness 221. The great land mass. PANGEA (ALL THE WORLD or ALL NATIONS 222. The theory that explains not only the movements of continents, but also the changes on the earths insolence as caused by internal forces. PLATE TECTONIC THEORY 223. tally to the theory, the earths crust is broken into nine large plates and several smaller ones. PLATE TECTONIC THEORY224. It is a small fry plate between the Eurasian and the Pacific Plates. PHILIPPINE PLATE 225. both plates are pulling apart, leaving a gap in between. diverge BOUNDARIES 226. Plates move past one another in opposite directions or in the same direction but at different rates. focused BOUNDARIES 227. Two colliding plates cause one to go under the other. CONVERGENT BOUNDARIES 228. The attend wherein successive separations and fillings continue to add new oceanic crusts between diverging plates. SEA FLOOR SPREADING 229. The average rate of spreading from a typical mid-ocean ridge. 6 CMS/YR 230. Highest business deal in the Philippines. MOUNT APO.231. Highest mountain in the world. MOUNT EVEREST 232. The bending of rocks into folds. FOLDING 233. It is the result when the rock layer slides or slips over one another along the break or fracture. FAULTING 234. It is any vibration or shaking of the earths crust caused by faults. EARTHQUAKE 235. Earthquakes resulting from the movement of the crust or plate. TECTONIC stemma 236. Earthquakes caused by molten magma as it forces its way up from deep under earths crust. VOLCANIC ORIGIN 237. It is an opening on the earths crust through which lava is thrown out. VOLCANO238. These are conelike structures composed of alternat ing flows of andesite lava and ash, cinders, and fragments. STRATO-VOLCANOES OR COMPOSITE VOLCANOES 239. These are volcanoes formed from basalt. defense VOLCANOES 240. These volcanoes are formed from violent eruptions that expel fragments of lava in cinders. CINDER VOLCANOES 241. These are volcanoes that erupt periodically or had erupted in recent times. ACTIVE VOLCANOES 242. These are volcanoes that show signs of activity but withdraw not erupted for a ample length of time. DORMANT VOLCANOES 243. These are volcanoes in which all signs of volcanic activities have ceased. EXTINCT VOLCANOES244. These are formed from cooling and hardening of molten materials which are heavy, usually heavy in color, and unlayered. IGNEOUS ROCKS 245. These are formed from sediments, shells, or remains of plants and animal fossils, that were buried and later hardened into rocks. SEDIMENTARY ROCKS 246. These are formed from pre-existing igneous and sedimentary rocks as a result of temperature and press ure changes. METAMORPHIC ROCKS 247. The process where rocks change from one form to another as they are affected by natural processes, such as weathering, erosion, great heat, and pressure. ROCK CYCLE248. The process of breaking down of rocks into fragments brought about by physical or chemical change. WEATHERING 249. The process by which rock fragments and soil are carried along by such agents as wind, water, and gravity. EROSION 250. The process of transferring soil from one place to another. EROSION 251. The process by which eroded rock fragments and soil are deposited in different places. alluviation 252. The process by which deposited soil and rock fragments at the bottom of the sea become cemented and harden into rocks. COMPACTING253. The process where compacted or cemented rock is subjected to great heat and pressure, changing the constitution of the rock. METAMORPHISM 254. It is naturally occurring, inorganic, crystalline solid with definite chemical composition. MINERAL 25 5. It refers to the way light is reflected from a minerals surface. scintillation 256. It is a minerals resistance to being scratched. HARDNESS 257. A German mineralogist who worked out a scale of hardness used for mineral identification. FRIEDROCH MOHS 258. It is the hardest mineral. DIAMOND259. It is the softest mineral. TALC 260. It is the color of a mineral in powderized form. stripe261. The way mineral breaks along smooth, flat planes. CLEAVAGE 262. It refers to the ratio of the minerals mass to the mass of an equal volume of water. SPECIFIC staidness 263. It is the process of excavating and extracting ore or minerals in rocks. MINING 264. It is an organic matter from shitty plant and animal materials. HUMUS 265. It is a vertical section of all horizons that make up a soil. SOIL PROFILE 266. It consists of less disunited rock materials, being less exposed to agents of weathering. BEDROCK 267. It refers to coarseness or fineness of the soil particles resulting from the weat hering of rocks. SOIL TEXTURE 268. It has the smoothest and finest soil texture. SILT269. It is the soil that is best for farming. LOAM 270. It is the uprising of water from the greater depths as the surface water is driven offshore. UPWELLING 271. A layer that absorbs or filters harmful rays from the sun. OZONE LAYER 272. It is a mountain-building process. VOLCANISM273. The shape of the earth. OBLATE SPHEROID 274. The spinning or turning of the earth on its axis. ROTATION 275. It is the movement of the earth on its axis that gives rally to the occurrence of day and night. ROTATION 276. The movement of the earth approximately the sun. change277. The imaginary line which separates the zones of day and night. TWILIGHT CIRCLE 278. The earths axis is tilted at 23 degrees279. The earth completes its revolution once in every 365 and days. 280. Our planets only natural satellite. moon around281. The rise and fall in sea level. TIDE282. It occurs when the moon, the earth, and the sun are in line with one another. ECLIPSE 283. When the sun, moon, and earth fall in one straight line, the sun cannot be sun from a sight on earth because the moon covers it. SOLAR ECLIPSE 284. When the sun, earth, and the moon are aligned, the moon cannot be seen from earth because the earth covers it. LUNAR ECLIPSE 285. The dark inner part of the eclipse. UMBRA286. The lighter outer part of the eclipse. PENUMBRA 287. It is the term used when the suns disk is completely covered by the moon. come up ECLIPSE 288. It is the term used where only a part of the suns disk is covered. PARTIAL ECLIPSE 289. It is defines as the mean distance of the earth from the sun equivalent to 150,000,000km. ASTRONOMICAL UNIT (AU) 290. It considered as the most massive or the biggest planet. JUPITER 291. It is the densest among the planets. EARTH292. It is the farthest planet and has the longest period of revolution. PLUTO 293. Are celestial objects made of ice and dust that range around the sun. COMETS 294. Are small, stony matters located in the space which passes through the earth in orbiting the sun. METEORS also known as SHOOTING STARS 295. Meteors that do not burn completely and fall on earth. METEORITES 296. Are meteor chunks that fall on earth.METEORITES297. Are gigantic balls of flaming gases. STARS298. It is the measure of the chic of a star. MAGNITUDE 299. It refers to the apparent brightness of a star. MAGNITUDE 300. It is the nearest star to the earth. sunlight301. It is a medium-sized, middle-aged star of average brightness. SUN 302. An instrument used to learn about the composition of stats. SPECTROSCOPE 303. The process used to determine the size of the stars. INTERFEROMETRY 304. A technique that obtains an image in the surface of a big star. SPECKLE PHOTOGRAPHY 305. It is used to exercise the diameter of the star. STEFAN-BOLTZMAN LAW306. These are loose groups of stars that move through space as a unit. STAR CLUSTERS 307. These are group of stars that form a de finite pattern. CONSTELLATIONS 308. It is the area where the star groups that are always visible are located. NORTH STAR OR POLARIS 309. These are huge systems of billions of stars and other celestial bodies. GALAXIES 310. It is the galaxy to which our sun belongs. whitish WAY311. It is a voluted or rotating group of some 100 billion stars and clouds of dust and gases. MILKY WAY 312. It is composed of millions of galaxies. UNIVERSE 313. The planet that has the highest temperature because of its thick clouds of carbon dioxide. genus Venus 314. It is anything that changes the motion and direction of moving objects or that causes an object at rest to start moving. FORCE 315. It is a push or a pull. FORCE316. The force that attracts all objects on earth. GRAVITATIONAL FORCE 317. The force of attraction or repulsion between charged bodies. ELECTRICAL FORCE 318. The force that attracts any metal to the magnet. MAGNETIC FORCE 319. A very strong force that holds protons and neutrons toget her in the nucleus of an atom. NUCLEAR FORCE 320. It resists or opposes the movement of two surfaces in contact with one another. FRICTION 321. A force that is present on two surfaces in contact with each(prenominal) other. CONTACT FORCE 322. It arises when two bodies collide as a result of squeezing, stretching, or bending. CONTACT FORCE323. A force that acts on bodies over great distance. NON-CONTACT FORCE 324. It is done when the force employ to an object actually moves the object. WORK 325. It is always a product of a force applied and the distance along which the force acted. WORK 326. These are devices which transform force or energy into useful work. MACHINES 327. It is a rigid bar which is pivoted around a point called fulcrum. LEVER 328. It is made up of a incise flap over which a rope passes. PULLEY 329. It consists of a wheel attached to an axle. WHEEL AND AXLE 330. It is a spiral, inclined plane. SCREW331. It is a flat surface with one end higher than the other. INCL INED PLANE 332. It is a double inclined plane with either one or two sloping sides. WEDGE 333. It is a unit used to express work. watt second (J) or NEUTRON METER (Nm) 334. It is the distance and direction through which an object moves. DISPLACEMENT 335. He discovered work. JAMES PRESCOTT JOULE336. It is defined as the faculty to do work. ENERGY 337. It is the ability to do work or the talent to move matter from one place to another. ENERGY 338. The energy of position or condition. POTENTIAL ENERGY 339. The energy of motion. KINETIC ENERGY 340. According to this law, energy can change from one form or another, but it can never be created nor destroyed. LAW OF CONSERVATION OF ENERGY 341. It is the total energy coming from the attractive and repulsive forces of all the molecules in a body. THERMAL ENERGY 342. It is the energy transferred from an object with a high temperature to one with a lower temperature. HEAT ENERGY343. It is the energy stored in matter due to forces of attract ion and the arrangement of subatomic particles in atoms and of atoms in the molecules of substance. CHEMICAL ENERGY 344. It is the energy of electrons flowing through conductors. ELECTRICAL ENERGY OR ELECTRICITY 345. It is defined as the changing of one form of energy into another form. ENERGY TRANSFORMATION 346. It involves the transfer of heat energy from one material or system to another. HEAT TRANSFER 347. It is the transfer of heat from one matter to another. It occurs when two objects at different temperatures are in direct contact. conduction 348. Energy transfer through solid particles. CONDUCTION349. Materials that conduct heat easily. CONDUCTORS 350. Materials in which heat energy cannot pass through. INSULATORS 351. It is the transfer of heat in a gas or liquid. CONVECTION 352. It is the transfer of energy that does not require matter. RADIATION 353. Energy transfer through an waste space in the form of waves. RADIATION 354. These were formed during the decay of organis ms that lived millions long time ago. FOSSIL FUELS 355. It forms as a result of the decay of plants in the absence of oxygen. blacken 356. The brownish substance in the decaying materials of plants. PEAT357. The second stage of combust formation. It is a brown coal composed of compressed woody matter that has lost all its moisture. LIGNITE 358. The third stage of coal formation. It is a dense, dark, brittle material that has lost all its moisture and impurities. BITUMINOUS ember 359. It is the final stage of coal formation. It has the least impurities because it is mostly carbon. ANTHRACITE COAL 360. It is an important hydrocarbon found in nature within pores and fractures of rocks. PETROLEUM OR CRUDE OIL 361. It is the easiest fossil fuel to transport and the cleanest when burned. NATURAL shove along 362. It refers to the production of electricity by means of generators driven by water turbines as an energy source. HYDROELECTRIC POWER363. It comes from the internal heat of the e arth. geothermic ENERGY 364. It is produced by fission or the splitting of the atoms nucleus. NUCLEAR ENERGY 365. It is the abnormal increase in the temperature of bodies of water. THERMAL POLLUTION 366. A waste product which destroys cells, changes genetic materials, and even kills the plant and animal population living near the power plant. RADIATION 367. It is the harnessing of wind for energy needs. WIND POWER 368. It is the radiant energy from the sun. SOLAR ENERGY369. A device which collects energy from the sun and transforms it directly into electricity. SOLAR CELL OR PHOTOVOLTAIC CELL 370. It is a possible generator of electricity with the two-party flow of water through narrow passages. TIDAL POWER 371. These are burnable fuels which are made from organic matter. BIOMASS FUELS 372. This is a combination of alcohol and gasoline. GASOHOL OR ALCOGAS 373. It is the wise and careful use of energy resources. ENERGY CONSERVATION